Extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis in HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting to the acute medical services in Nairobi

Gilks, C.; Brindle, Richard; Otieno, L S; Bhatt, Sunil; Newnham, Robert; Simani, P M; Gn, Lule; Okelo, G. B. A.; Watkins, Winifred M.; Waiyaki, Peter

doi:10.1097/00002030-199010000-00006

Cited by 96 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…9,10 HIV-positive patients also are more likely to have extrapulmonary TB than HIVnegative patients. 11 The likelihood of extrapulmonary TB increases as the CD4 count decreases. 12 Although 40% of patients with extrapulmonary TB may have concurrent pulmonary TB, the most widely available method of diagnosis, sputum smear microscopy, is of little diagnostic value for the remaining 60%.…”

Section: Diagnostic Challenges In the Hivetbcoinfected Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of TB in the HIV Positive Population

Vittor

Garland

Gilman

2015

Annals of Global Health

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Section: Diagnostic Challenges In the Hivetbcoinfected Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of TB in the HIV Positive Population

Vittor

Garland

Gilman

2015

Annals of Global Health

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“…We also found that the bactericidal activity was less robust in children Ͻ5 years of age, correlating with lower levels of S. Typhimurium LPSspecific IgM and IgG in this age group (5). In addition to young children, HIV-infected adults represent a second population that has a high risk of invasive NTS disease (9)(10)(11)(12). The results from Malawi suggest that this susceptibility is at least partly related to an HIV-associated abnormality of the humoral response to S. Typhimurium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Plasma Bactericidal Activity against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Trebicka

Shanmugam

Mikhailova

et al. 2014

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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b Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have increased susceptibility to invasive disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Studies from Africa have suggested that this susceptibility is related in part to the development of a high level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific IgG that is able to inhibit the killing of S. Typhimurium by bactericidal antibodies in healthy individuals. To explore this issue further, we examined the bactericidal activity against S. Typhimurium using serum and plasma samples from healthy controls and various clinical subgroups of HIV-infected adults in the United States. We found that the bactericidal activity in the samples from HIV-positive elite controllers was comparable to that from healthy individuals, whereas it was significantly reduced in HIV-positive viremic controllers and untreated chronic progressors. As demonstrated previously for healthy controls, the bactericidal activity of the plasma from the elite controllers was inhibited by preincubation with S. Typhimurium LPS, suggesting that it was mediated by anti-LPS antibodies. S. Typhimurium LPS-specific IgG was significantly reduced in all subgroups of HIV-infected individuals. Interestingly, and in contrast to the healthy controls, plasma from all HIV-positive subgroups inhibited in vitro killing of S. Typhimurium by plasma from a healthy individual. Our results, together with the findings from Africa, suggest that multiple mechanisms may be involved in the HIV-induced dysregulation of humoral immunity to S. Typhimurium.

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“…The most common of these manifestations are: (a) asymmetrical lymphadenopathy ( Fig. 29.9), (b) pericarditis, (c) pleurisy (Fig.29.l0), (d) bone and skin lesions and (e) miliary disease (Nambuya et al 1988;Harries 1998;Harries et al 1997;Gilks et al 1990). Patients usually present with non-specific constitutional symptoms (fever, night sweats and weight loss) and local symptoms and signs related to the site of disease.…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis In Hiv-positive Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%