Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams

Ávila-Álvarez, Alejandro; Boga, Alfonso Solar; Bermúdez-Hormigo, Carmen; Carballal, Jesús Fuentes

doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the study, a growth velocity < 14 g/kg/day was associated with antenatal steroids and the number of days nil per os without ITN correlated negatively with the discharge weight Z-score [11]. In the present study, no association was demonstrated between growth and antenatal steroids, however the definition of good growth velocity was different from that use by Mudahemuka et al Alejandro et al demonstrated multiple neonatal characteristics associated with a significant decline in Z-score from birth to discharge including mechanical ventilation and PDA among 130 infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g [26]. These findings approximate the results of the present study, however, the use of discharge weight Z-score as an endpoint by Alejandro et al presents a possibly significant difference in study design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Growth of extremely low birth weight infants at a tertiary hospital in a middle-income country

Mabhandi¹,

Ramdin²,

Ballot³

2019

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight less than 1000 g) infants has improved significantly since the 1990s. Consequently, growth monitoring in ELBW infants has gained more relevance. Methods: We conducted this study to describe the growth of ELBW infants at a tertiary hospital, to audit macronutrient intake and explore the association of prematurity complications with growth. This was a retrospective study on 92 ELBW infants born at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The association between good growth (regaining birth weight in 21 days or less and subsequent growth velocity > 15 g/kg/day) and complications of prematurity was explored. Results: Only 11infants (13%) had a discharge weight above the 10th centile when the Fenton growth chart was used compared to 20 infants (22.4%) when the Intergrowth 21st Project growth standard was used. The mean weight velocity was 13.5 g/kg/day and the mean number of days to regain birth weight was 18.2 days. Factors associated with poor growth were late-onset sepsis, persistent patent ductus arteriosus, continuous positive airway pressure for more than 2 days, invasive ventilation, oxygen on day 28 and being kept nil per os. Protein and caloric intake correlate positively with growth velocity. Unlike the Fenton Growth Charts, use of the Intergrowth 21st Project growth standards revealed the association between neonatal factors and poor growth. Conclusion: Growth outcome in infants is poor at 36 weeks postmenstrual age at our institution. Intergrowth 21st Project growth standards were superior to Fenton Growth Charts, however a multicentre study is required before adoption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Growth of extremely low birth weight infants at a tertiary hospital in a middle-income country

Mabhandi¹,

Ramdin²,

Ballot³

2019

BMC Pediatr

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“…With improving expertise in the field of neonatal medicine increasing number of these babies survive. Most of these neonates suffer from extra uterine growth restrictionand one of the key factors is under nutrition 11 . Premature breast milk provides approximately 60 kcal, 2.2 grams of proteins and 2.6 grams of fats per 100ml of milk, whichis not enough for the optimal growth of these infants 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Breast Milk Fortification With Skimmed Milk and Olive Oil for Weight Gain in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

Waqqas

Ahmed

Farrukh

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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Objective: To observe the effect of fortification of expressed human breast milk with olive oil and skimmed milk in improving weight gain in very low birth weight neonates and shortening their length of hospital stay. Study Design: A comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: Neonates admitted with very low birth weight and gestational age of <34 weeks were included in study. Sixty babies were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling; random number table used to allocate them into a fortifycation group and a control group. The control group received expressed milk alone, while olive oil oneml twice daily and skimmed milk one gram in every third feed were added to expressed milk in the fortification group. Results: The study comprised of 60 neonates, with 30 in each of the groups. Weight gain was 24.83 ± 5.63 in the fortification group and 11.72 ± 3.95 in the control group (p≤0.001). Mean hospital stay was 20.57  16.511 in the fortification group and 27.67 ± 8.89 in the control group (p≤0.043). Conclusion: Olive oil and skimmed milk fortification of breast milk was effective for weight gain and reducing length of hospital stay in very low birth weight neonates.

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“…In this study, very low birth weight infants with late-onset sepsis presented higher prevalence of extrauterine growth restriction than those without late-onset sepsis. This result was probably due to the marked proteolysis of muscles and visceral proteins in preterm infants [ 53 ], which increased protein requirements and led to extrauterine growth restriction and complications related to a negative energy balance [ 54 ]. Other studies also showed that Z-scores from birth to discharge in preterm infants not small for gestational age were lower than observed in infants small for gestational age [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result was probably due to the marked proteolysis of muscles and visceral proteins in preterm infants [ 53 ], which increased protein requirements and led to extrauterine growth restriction and complications related to a negative energy balance [ 54 ]. Other studies also showed that Z-scores from birth to discharge in preterm infants not small for gestational age were lower than observed in infants small for gestational age [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Furthermore, Barreto et al (2012) found that more than half of low and extremely low birth weight infants (53.6%) were small for gestational age, and 89.3% had extrauterine growth restriction diagnosed at hospital discharge (median Z-score of −3.26), lower than observed in our study [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Factors Associated with Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns

et al. 2021

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Background: Delayed onset of minimal enteral nutrition compromises the immune response of preterm infants, increasing the risk of colonization and clinical complications (e.g., late-onset sepsis). This study aimed to analyze associations between late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) and days of parenteral nutrition, days to reach full enteral nutrition, and maternal and nutritional factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with very low birth weight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a reference maternity hospital of high-risk deliveries. Data regarding days of parenteral nutrition, days to reach full enteral nutrition, fasting days, extrauterine growth restriction, and NICU length of stay were extracted from online medical records. Late-onset sepsis was diagnosed (clinical or laboratory) after 48 h of life. Chi-squared, Mann–Whitney tests, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: A total of 97 preterm infants were included. Of those, 75 presented late-onset sepsis with clinical (n = 40) or laboratory (n = 35) diagnosis. Maternal urinary tract infection, prolonged parenteral nutrition (>14 days), and extrauterine growth restriction presented 4.24-fold, 4.86-fold, and 4.90-fold higher chance of late-onset sepsis, respectively. Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants with late-onset sepsis had prolonged parenteral nutrition and took longer to reach full enteral nutrition. They also presented a higher prevalence of extrauterine growth restriction than infants without late-onset sepsis.

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Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Growth of extremely low birth weight infants at a tertiary hospital in a middle-income country

Growth of extremely low birth weight infants at a tertiary hospital in a middle-income country

Human Breast Milk Fortification With Skimmed Milk and Olive Oil for Weight Gain in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

Nutritional Factors Associated with Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns

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