INVESTIGATIONS of the uptake of intact proteins by tumour cells in vivo have yielded conflicting results (Busch, Fujiwara and Firszt, 1961;Babson and Winnick, 1954;Campbell and Stone, 1957). In this study use was made of fluorescent labelled proteins as in the previous in vitro work (Easty, Yarnell and Andrews, 1964). The results obtained with a variety of tumours are discussed in relation to the uptake by normal tissues, the access of blood-borne substances to the tumours, and the detailed localization of protein within normal and tumour tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation and Injection offluorescent proteinsTwo proteins were used, crystallized bovine plasma albumin (Armour) and purified diphtheria toxoid (kindly supplied by Dr. C. G. Pope of the Wellcome Foundation), which were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate as in previous experiments (Easty et al., 1964). The final concentrations of fluorescent proteins were adjusted to 5 per cent on 0-85 per cent saline. The usual route of injection was the tail vein of rats and mice, and the jugular vein of hamsters. The intraperitoneal as well as the intravenous route of injection was used for mice bearing ascites tumours. Mice were injected with 05 ml. of the protein solutions, rats received 2 ml. and hamsters 1 ml. Animals were killed at intervals after injection varying from several minutes to 4 days, but mostly after 6 hours. Samples of the liver, kidneys, lung, spleen, inguinal lymph nodes, skin and bone marrow from the femurs, as well as the tumours were removed for examination.
Preparations of sectionsSeveral methods of processing the tissues after their removal from the animal were tried. Some samples were frozen using solid C02, ethyl alcohol mixtures and then sectioned with a freezing microtome. Others were fixed for several hours in neutralized 4 per cent formaldehyde, then sectioned with a freezing microtome. The method finally chosen gave the highest resolution with little loss of the fluorescence of the injected proteins, and involved fixation with neutralized 4 per cent formaldehyde in 085 per cent saline for 24 hours followed by paraffin-wax embedding, sectioning, and mounting without deparaffinization in D.P.X. The paraffin-wax, D.P.X. and all solvents used were checked to ensure that they were free of fluorescent contaminants which might stain-the sections. Sections of