Extraversion and Individual Differences in Auditory Evoked Response

Stelmack, Robert M.; Achorn, Edwin; Michaud, Aurelda

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb02966.x

Cited by 69 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Auditory ERPs have tended to show higher amplitudes for introverts (Bruneau, Roux. Perse & Lelord, 1984;Stelmack, Achorn & Michaud, 1977;Stelmack & Michaud, 1985), as predicted by the arousal theory. The same is true for visual evoked responses over modality-specific visual areas (Soskis & Shagass, 1974;Stenberg, Rosen & Risberg, 1988, 1990a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task

Stenberg¹

1994

Personality and Individual Differences

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Pergamon I'r~r.s,,,r. r~rdiird. I>ifl: v01 Summary-Amplitude differences between extraverts and introverts in the P300 component of visual event-related potentials were examined in a picture classification task. A set of pictorial stimuli was used with three t y p e of instructions, requiring responses based on colour, semantic category, or a combination of both criteria. Forty university students (22 men, 18 women) served as subjects. Based on their scores on the Eysench Personahty lntentory, they were divided into 3 groups of Low. Medium or High Extraversion. The pictures evoked large late positivities, with higher aniplitude in the right hemisphere. P300 amplitude increased with increasing degrees of extraversion. The effect of extraversion on amplitude (High > Medium > Low) was larger for target stimuli in posterior derivations. The extraversion effect was mainly attributable to the impulsivity subtrait. Whereas some earlier studies have found higher P300 amplitudes for introverts in tasks inducing habituation or attention decrement. the present tasks differed by using more varied stimuli and requiring more processing. The results are discussed in relation to theories on the biological basis of extroversion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task

Stenberg¹

1994

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Aron and Aron (1997) reviewed the literature relating sensory processing and introversion and presented a model of sensory processing sensitivity. Socially withdrawn or introverted adults showed greater physiological reactivity to auditory stimulation as evidenced by larger auditory evoked response potentials (ERP; Doucet & Stelmack, 2000;Stelmack, Achorn, & Michaud, 1977). More recent work also suggests that social withdrawal in children may be related to individual differences in auditory processing.…”

Section: Association Of Sensory Defensiveness With Other Childhood Bementioning

confidence: 99%

A Population-Based Twin Study of Parentally Reported Tactile and Auditory Defensiveness in Young Children

Goldsmith

Hulle

Arneson

et al. 2006

J Abnorm Child Psychol

127

130

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Some adults and children exhibit defensive behaviors to tactile or auditory stimulation. These symptoms occur not only in subsets of children with ADHD, autism, and Fragile X syndrome, but also in the apparent absence of accompanying disorders. Relatively little research explores the correlates and antecedents of sensory defensiveness. Using a population-based sample of 1,394 toddler-aged twins, mothers reported on tactile and auditory defensiveness, temperament, and behavior problems. The incidence of defensive symptoms was widely distributed, with some accumulation of cases in the extreme range. Girls were overrepresented in the extreme tactile defensiveness group. Both auditory and tactile defensiveness were modestly associated with fearful temperament and anxiety, but they were relatively distinct from other common dimensions of childhood behavioral dysfunction. Twin correlations for the full range of scores and concordance rates for the extremes suggested moderate genetic influences, with some indication that the tactile domain might be more heritable than the auditory domain.

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“…by Eysenck & Eysenck, 1967; on nicotine stimulus by Gilbert & Hagen, 1985; enhanced auditory evoked potential responses to moderate intensity tones by Stelmack et al, 1977;; and on auditory by Wigglesworth & Smith, 1976). This higher response to stimulation reflects the activity of protective, inhibitory process of introverts in order to avoid the high intensity stimulus situation and suggests that introverts prefer situations with lower stimulus intensity.…”

Section: Hypothesis 6 -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait-Based Individual Differences on Discomfort Glare Rating Responses and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity

Lockhart

Mekaroonreung

2004

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity Haruetai Mekaroonreung (ABSTRACT) This research was designed to investigate the relationship between Trait-based Individual differences (neuroticism and extraversion) and glare subjective responses as well as the actual contrast sensitivity when exposed to the same manipulated glare condition. In addition, the relationship between the glare subjective responses and actual contrast sensitivity was investigated. To examine the trait-based individual differences, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) was used while the subjective glare experience was examined utilizing modified glare discomfort rating scale. The visual performance was measured through the contrast sensitivity level using adjustable contrast level of the Landolt's C target. This investigation compared 36 individuals (9 high neuroticism scorers, 9 low neuroticism scorers, 9 high extraversion scorers, and 9 low extraversion scorers) on subjective discomfort glare rating responses and visual contrast sensitivity. The study is directed toward improving our understanding of influencing factors on the experience of discomfort glare, which may eventually be applied to the design of glare measurement methods, and toward training and selection of drivers and workers who may work under conditions of glare. Results indicated significant effect of extraversion trait on rating response while insignificant effect on visual related performance was found. The relationships between rating response and visual performance were also found to be quite low in this study. In conclusion, the expected model was supported but only on the extraversion trait. RationaleFeelings of discomfort glare have been widely assessed with rating scales for various purposes, especially in the design of lighting configurations such as street lighting and visual display terminal (VDT) systems. However, consensus is lacking among researchers in terms of discomfort glare assessment methods (Gellatly and Weintraub, 1990;Lennie & Van Hemel, 2002;Olson & Sivak, 1984;Sivak & Flannagan, 1994). Although the between-subject variations in rating scores are repeatedly reported to be quite high, the subjective glare rating has been the method used for many years.Several subjective rating scales have been proposed since the 1960s (De Boer, 1967a).Among these rating scales, the 9 point De Boer scale is most often used in the field of automotive and public lighting systems (Theeuwes, 2002) while some other scales such as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) are used less frequently.As suggested by few researchers (Berman et al., 1994;Theeuwes, 2002), one underlying reason for the large variability of this subjective response could be the result of differences in the observers' trait rather than visual impairment. For example, people with dispositions related to worry or anxiety may have a perceived criterion for discomfort that is much lower than those who have dispositions that are less anxiety or worry prone. As a result, the worried people could exhibit more...

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Extraversion and Individual Differences in Auditory Evoked Response

Cited by 69 publications

References 34 publications

Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task

Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task

A Population-Based Twin Study of Parentally Reported Tactile and Auditory Defensiveness in Young Children

Trait-Based Individual Differences on Discomfort Glare Rating Responses and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity

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