Extraversion, Arousal, and Paired-Associate Recall

Individual differences in students' retention of knowledge and conceptual structures learned in university and high school courses: the case of test anxiety

“…This is due to better consolidation processes over time of the materials learned (`Kleinsmith effect'; Kaplan, 1963, 1964). Though these studies have used very simple materials (nonsense syllables or word-digit pairs), much shorter retention intervals (up to 1 week), and an arousal level that was induced rather than used as an individual difference characteristic as here (but see Howarth and Eysenck, 1968), and their results not always replicated (see Keppel's, 1984, review), the trends obtained are quite similar.…”

Relation of maternal personality to perceptions of environmental chaos in the home

“…For example, stimulus insensitive individuals or stimulus screeners were reported as more likely to approach and affiliate with more arousing settings (Aron, 2004;Mehrabian, 1995;Russell & Mehrabian, 1978;Schwerdtfeger, 2007). Similarly, extraversion was found to be linked with stimulus-seeking behaviors (Eysenck, 1981;Eysenck & Zuckerman, 1978;Howarth & Eysenck, 1968;Strelau & Eysenck, 1987). Given the design of this study we were able to test whether individual differences in stimulus sensitivity, noise sensitivity and extraversion were associated with our objective measures of home chaos.…”

Extraversion and the P300 in a visual classification task

“…The findings from memory experiments, where extraverts show better retrieval at short retention intervals. and introverts better at long, have been interpeted to mean that more sustained post-processing, interfering with short-term retrieval but facilitating long-term retention, takes place in introverts (Howarth & Eysenck, 1968). A more distinct phase of perceptual closure in extraverts, accompanied by transient inhibition, is compatible with earlier findings of extraverts having lower critical flicker fusion thresholds (Simonson & Brozek, 1952), shorter duration of aftereffects (Levy & Lang, 1966), and more involuntary rest pauses in a tapping task (Eysenck, 1964).…”