Extreme Atmospheric Radiation Environments and Single Event Effects

Dyer, C. S.; Hands, A.; Ryden, Keith; Lei, F.

doi:10.1109/tns.2017.2761258

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Early attempts to consider the influence of GLEs, such as C. S. Dyer et al. (2003), have recently been greatly improved (C. Dyer et al., 2017), by updated modeling of the largest event directly measured on February 23, 1956 and by generation of the size distribution, using recent events directly observed since 1942, together with evidence for historic events from cosmogenic nuclides, which were first noted by Miyake et al. (2012).…”

Section: Space Weather and Atmospheric Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Space Weather Reasonable Worst‐Case Scenarios for the UK National Risk Assessment

Hapgood

Angling²,

Attrill

et al. 2021

Space Weather

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Severe space weather was identified as a risk to the UK in 2010 as part of a wider review of natural hazards triggered by the societal disruption caused by the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April of that year. To support further risk assessment by government officials, and at their request, we developed a set of reasonable worst‐case scenarios and first published them as a technical report in 2012 (current version published in 2020). Each scenario focused on a space weather environment that could disrupt a particular national infrastructure such as electric power or satellites, thus, enabling officials to explore the resilience of that infrastructure against severe space weather through discussions with relevant experts from other parts of government and with the operators of that infrastructure. This approach also encouraged us to focus on the environmental features that are key to generating adverse impacts. In this paper, we outline the scientific evidence that we have used to develop these scenarios, and the refinements made to them as new evidence emerged. We show how these scenarios are also considered as an ensemble so that government officials can prepare for a severe space weather event, during which many or all of the different scenarios will materialize. Finally, we note that this ensemble also needs to include insights into how public behavior will play out during a severe space weather event and hence the importance of providing robust, evidence‐based information on space weather and its adverse impacts.

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Section: Space Weather and Atmospheric Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Space Weather Reasonable Worst‐Case Scenarios for the UK National Risk Assessment

Hapgood

Angling²,

Attrill

et al. 2021

Space Weather

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“…While the current space weather community expects this kind of event to happen once a century with a potential catastrophe for the modern society (Baker et al, ; Daglis, ; Dyer et al, ; Hapgood, ; Riley, ; Riley et al, ; Riley & Love, ; Schrijver et al, ), the historical evidence indicates that we need to be slightly more careful about the meaning of “extreme space weather events.” We were quite fortunate that the extreme ICME in July 2012 missed the Earth. Some estimates of its potential Dst value appear to be even more extreme than that of the Carrington event (Baker et al, ; Liu et al, , ; Ngwira et al, ).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Spatial Evolution Of The Auroral Ovals Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859

早川¹

2019

Space Weather

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The Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in observational history within a series of magnetic storms caused by extreme interplanetary coronal mass ejections from a large and complex active region that emerged on the solar disk. In this article, we study the temporal and spatial evolutions of the source sunspot active region and visual aurorae and compare this storm with other extreme space weather events on the basis of their auroral spatial evolution. Sunspot drawings by Schwabe, Secchi, and Carrington describe the position and morphology of the source active region at that time. Visual auroral reports from the Russian Empire, Iberia, Ireland, Oceania, and Japan fill the spatial gap of auroral visibility and revise the time series of auroral visibility in middle to low magnetic latitudes. The reconstructed time series is compared with magnetic measurements and shows the correspondence between low‐latitude to mid‐latitude aurorae and the phase of magnetic storms. The spatial evolution of the auroral oval is compared with those of other extreme space weather events in 1872, 1909, 1921, and 1989 as well as their storm intensity and contextualizes the Carrington event, as one of the most extreme space weather events, but likely not unique.

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“…SEEs are a serious problem for electronics operated in space (e.g., Edmonds, Barnes, and Scheick, 2000—a JPL publication; O'Bryan et al, ; Xapsos et al, ), and they are becoming an issue for advanced technologies in avionics (e. g., Dyer & Truscott, ; Dyer et al, ), and even at sea level. The charge deposited by a single ionizing particle (producing a dense track of electron‐hole pairs in devices, circuits, and components) can produce a wide range of effects, including single‐event upset (transient and nondestructive, affecting mainly memories), multiple bit upset (nondestructive), single‐event transient (nondestructive), single‐event functional interrupt (nondestructive), single‐event latch‐up (destructive, affecting mainly complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structure), single‐event burnout (destructive; affecting mainly power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors), single‐event gate rupture (potentially destructive, affecting mainly submicronic structure), and single hard error (another destructive effect).…”

Section: Space Radiation and Plasma Effects On Space Assetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Radiation and Plasma Effects on Satellites and Aviation: Quantities and Metrics for Tracking Performance of Space Weather Environment Models

et al. 2019

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The Community Coordinated Modeling Center has been leading community‐wide space science and space weather model validation projects for many years. These efforts have been broadened and extended via the newly launched International Forum for Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment (https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/assessment/). Its objective is to track space weather models' progress and performance over time, a capability that is critically needed in space weather operations and different user communities in general. The Space Radiation and Plasma Effects Working Team of the aforementioned International Forum works on one of the many focused evaluation topics and deals with five different subtopics (https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/assessment/topics/radiation-all.php) and varieties of particle populations: Surface Charging from tens of eV to 50‐keV electrons and internal charging due to energetic electrons from hundreds keV to several MeVs. Single‐event effects from solar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays (several MeV to TeV), total dose due to accumulation of doses from electrons (>100 keV) and protons (>1 MeV) in a broad energy range, and radiation effects from solar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays at aviation altitudes. A unique aspect of the Space Radiation and Plasma Effects focus area is that it bridges the space environments, engineering, and user communities. The intent of the paper is to provide an overview of the current status and to suggest a guide for how to best validate space environment models for operational/engineering use, which includes selection of essential space environment and effect quantities and appropriate metrics.

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Extreme Atmospheric Radiation Environments and Single Event Effects

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Development of Space Weather Reasonable Worst‐Case Scenarios for the UK National Risk Assessment

Development of Space Weather Reasonable Worst‐Case Scenarios for the UK National Risk Assessment

Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859

Space Radiation and Plasma Effects on Satellites and Aviation: Quantities and Metrics for Tracking Performance of Space Weather Environment Models

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