Extreme Flood Impact on Estuarine and Coastal Biogeochemistry: the 2013 Elbe Flood

Voynova, Yoana G.; Brix, Holger; Petersen, Wilhelm; Weigelt-Krenz, Sieglinde; Scharfe, Mirco

doi:10.5194/bg-2016-218

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Simulated chlorophyll peaks during the spring bloom at 50 mg m −3 near major river inflows (stations Norderelbe, Noordwijk 10, Figure 4). At the Norderelbe station, the 2013 late summer bloom exceeds the spring bloom, consistent with the observed unusal large nutrient input by the Elbe flood in summer 2013 [65]. At this station, the simulated variability is lower than observed (standard deviation of 11.6 versus 18.7 mg m −3 , consistent with a model bias of −14 mg m −3 , r = 0.32).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

North Sea Ecosystem-Scale Model-Based Quantification of Net Primary Productivity Changes by the Benthic Filter Feeder Mytilus edulis

Lemmen

2018

Water

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Blue mussels are among the most abundant bivalves in shallow water along the German coasts. As filter feeders, a major ecosystem service they provide is water filtration and the vertical transfer of suspended organic and attached inorganic material to the sea floor. Laboratory and field studies previously demonstrated that blue mussels can remove large quantities of plankton from the surrounding water. I here perform numerical experiments that investigate the effect of filtration at the scale of an entire coastal sea—the southern North Sea. These experiments were performed with a state-of-the-art bentho-pelagic coupled hydrodynamic and ecosystem model and used a novel reconstruction of the benthic biomass distribution of blue mussels. The filtration effect was assessed as the simulated change in net primary productivity caused by blue mussels. In shallow water, filtration takes out up to half of the entire annual primary productivity; it is negligible in offshore waters. For the entire basin, the filtration effect is 10%. While many ecosystem models have a global parameterization for filter feeders, the coastal gradient in the filtration effect is usually not considered; our research demonstrates the importance of including spatially heterogeneous filtration in coupled bentho-pelagic ecosystem models if we want to better understand the spatial patterns in shallow water coastal systems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

North Sea Ecosystem-Scale Model-Based Quantification of Net Primary Productivity Changes by the Benthic Filter Feeder Mytilus edulis

Lemmen

2018

Water

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“…Flow rates of Elbe, Weser and Ems during 2012 and 2013 follow this typical pattern ( Fig.3) but during June 2013, a large precipitation event over the central Europe caused flooding of all major river basins in Germany (Merz et al, 2014), including Elbe and Weser (Fig.3). The Elbe flood ocan be considered as a 100-year event with discharge rates of up to 4060 m 3 s −1 during 11 and 12 June (Voynova et al, 2017). Nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate fluxes paralleled the discharge rates, with distinct peaks during June 2013 for the Elbe and Weser rivers ( Fig.3).…”

Section: Hydrological and Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…3, 12) increased the NPPR within the central German Bight (Fig. 12), which may explain the high pH and DO oversaturation reported by Voynova et al (2017). In turn, the combination of prolonged stratification ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…13-14). This explains why such a degree of oxygen depletion in the German Bight is un-355 usual (e.g., Voynova et al, 2017;Große et al, 2016Große et al, , 2017. Within the outer German Bight, the higher water column stability lead to an intensification of the nutrient limitation within the upper mixed layer, and consequently lower NPPR (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dkrz.de/en-pdfs/en-docs/en-docu-mistral/en-mistral_user-manual.pdf), computational cost of the full, coupled model system (i.e., with the biogeochemical model with 25 pelagic state variables, Fig.2) is about 360 CPUh/year (approximate speedup (simulated time interval over duration of simulation) of 3500), while that of the uncoupled physical model is about 80 330CPUh/year (approximate speed-up of 16000). Thus, the setup is suitable for performing coupled physical-biogeochemical simulations or scenario analyses with multi-annual or even decadal time scales.4.2 Physical and biogeochemical structure of the systemBased on a plethora of in-situ observations,Voynova et al (2017) reported a number of anomalies in the German Bight, following the historical flood event in June 2013, during which, a large quantity of freshwater and nutrients were delivered by 335…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system

Kerimoglu¹,

Voynova²,

Chegini³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The German Bight was exposed to record high riverine discharges in June 2013, as a result of flooding of the Elbe and Weser rivers. Several anomalous observations suggested that the hydrodynamical and the biogeochemical state of the system was impacted by this event. In this study, we developed a biogeochemical model and coupled it with a previously introduced high resolution hydrodynamical model of the southern North Sea, in order to better characterize these impacts, and gain insight into the underlying processes. Performance of the model was assessed using an extensive set of in-situ measurements for the period 2011&#8211;2014. We first improved the realism of the hydrodynamic model with regard to the representation of cross-shore gradients, mainly through inclusion of flow-dependent horizontal mixing. Among other characteristic features of the system, the coupled model system can reproduce the low salinities, high nutrient concentrations and low oxygen concentrations in the bottom layers observed within the German Bight following the flood event. Through a scenario analysis, we examined the sensitivity of the patterns observed during July 2013 to the hydrological and meteorological forcing in isolation. Within the region of freshwater influence (ROFI) of the Elbe-Weser rivers, the flood event clearly dominated the changes in salinity and nutrient concentrations, as expected. However, our findings point out to the relevance of the peculiarities in the meteorological conditions in 2013 as well: a combination of low wind speeds, warm air temperatures and cold bottom water temperatures resulted in a strong thermal stratification in the outer regions, and limited vertical nutrient transport to the surface layers. Within the central region, the thermal and haline dynamics interactively resulted in an intense density stratification. This intense stratification, in turn, led to enhanced primary production within the central region enriched by nutrients due to the flood, but reduction within the nutrient-limited outer region, and it caused a wide-spread oxygen depletion in bottom waters. Our results further point to the enhancement of the current velocities at the surface as a result of haline stratification, and intensification of the thermohaline estuarine-like circulation at the Wadden Sea, both driven by the flood event.

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A portable underway flow‐through sampler for rapid survey of contaminated river plumes in coastal waters

Gall

Davies‐Colley

2020

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Land‐sourced contaminants conveyed by rivers, particularly during flood flows, are a major source of coastal water degradation. Typically, muddy and contaminated river flood plumes are episodic and transient and therefore difficult to survey and sample. We developed a Portable Underway Flow‐Through Sampler for rapid response and survey of river flood events (PUFTS‐rapid). The sampler is highly portable, compact, quick to setup, and easy to use in small boats, for spatial mapping of surface waters during fast transects (up to 25 knots). Key components of the system include: a 12 V self‐priming pump that pulls in ambient surface water; a vortex unit to remove air bubbles, and a water quality sonde operated with a flow‐cell attachment. Sonde sensors include conductivity (salinity), temperature, turbidity, and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter. GPS position is logged, together with water quality data, by the sonde hand‐held unit. Water samples are obtained periodically from the continuous flow—for laboratory calibration and validation of sonde sensors as well as discrete analyses of contaminants. We illustrate sampler capability with survey of a muddy, contaminated flood plume from the Hutt River dispersing into Wellington Harbor, New Zealand. Although capture of turbid plumes from river floods is probably the most demanding application of PUFTS‐rapid, the sampler is expected to be valuable more broadly for coastal water quality applications, including survey of plumes from port dredging, “sea‐truthing” of remote sensing imagery, and calibration and validation of hydrodynamic models.

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Extreme Flood Impact on Estuarine and Coastal Biogeochemistry: the 2013 Elbe Flood

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

North Sea Ecosystem-Scale Model-Based Quantification of Net Primary Productivity Changes by the Benthic Filter Feeder Mytilus edulis

North Sea Ecosystem-Scale Model-Based Quantification of Net Primary Productivity Changes by the Benthic Filter Feeder Mytilus edulis

Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system

A portable underway flow‐through sampler for rapid survey of contaminated river plumes in coastal waters

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