Extreme Forms of Child Labour in Turkey

Değirmencioğlu, Serdar M.; Acar, Hakan; Acar, Yüksel Baykara

doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00150.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…National Crime Agency 2015; National Criminal Police 2007; National Police Board 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012; Serious Organised Crime Agency 2011). Numerous publications were, however, explicitly framed as research yet lacked the basic characteristics of scientific enquiry; examples with academic authors included Degirmencioglu et al (2008), Oude Breuil (2008), Pearce et al (2009) and Ryazantsev et al (2015). Such issues were also found in reports from official agencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence

2018

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ObjectivesOur objectives were (1) to systematically map the contours of the European evidence base on labour trafficking, identifying its key characteristics, coverage, gaps, strengths and weaknesses and (2) to synthesise key scientific research.MethodsWe took a two-phase approach: a systematic map followed by a detailed synthesis of key scientific research evidence. Our search strategy included 15 databases, hand searches of additional journals, backwards searches, snowball searches and expert recommendations. We identified and screened 6106 records, mapped 152 and synthesised eight.ResultsOverall, the literature was limited and fragmented. Reports produced by official agencies dominated; academic authorship and peer-reviewed outputs were comparatively rare. Few publications met minimum scientific standards. Qualitative designs outweighed quantitative ones. Publications typically described trafficking’s problem profile and/or discussed interventions; they rarely assessed trafficking’s impacts or evaluated interventions. Even among the key scientific research, the quality of evidence was variable and often low. Particular weaknesses included poor methods reporting, unclear or imprecise results and conclusions not properly grounded in the data. The synthesised studies were all exploratory, also sharing other design features. Common themes identified included: poor treatment of victims; diversity of sectors affected and commonalities among victims; inadequacies of current responses; and barriers to interventions.ConclusionsThere is a lack of high-quality studies into European labour trafficking. Methodological opacity, insufficient rigour and publication in non-indexed locations impede the identification, assessment and synthesis of evidence. Adherence to higher reporting standards would further the field’s development and particular research gaps should be addressed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11292-017-9321-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence

2018

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“…(2) Item development: In this step, similar inventories related to child abuse were examined. For this phase we used relevant resources for each dimension (Degirmencioglu et al, 2008; Ferguson, 2005; Galea, 2008; Gharaibeh & Hoeman, 2003; Guarcello et al, 2010; Rahbari, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research team evaluated the theoretical sources related to child labour and child abuse. The study and evaluation of the tools used in previous studies (Bourdillon & Carothers, 2019; Degirmencioglu et al, 2008; Gamlin et al, 2015; Gharaibeh & Hoeman, 2003; Guarcello et al, 2010; Ibrahim et al, 2019; Myers, 1999; Nieuwenhuys, 2007; Öncü et al, 2013; Roggero et al, 2007; Shabbir et al, 2020; Thévenon & Edmonds, 2019; Woodhead, 1999) showed that although tools have been used to monitor and guide efforts towards the progressive elimination of child labour, most of these tools have been developed using a similar approach and were based on existing knowledge. Although these studies have measured child labour in similar ways through surveys, estimates of child labour vary significantly across different kinds of surveys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the efforts of formal and informal institutions to manage this problem (providing consulting and assistance services by non‐governmental organizations (Jalili Moayad et al, 2021) and services provided by the State Welfare Organization of Iran (Vameghi, 2007)), current policies have not led to the goals in this area being realized; specifically, to reduce the number of abused children and the associated problems. Although the situation of child labour has been evaluated in some studies, each study targeted a specific group; street children (Rahbari, 2016; Vameghi et al, 2019), children who are forced to work in hard conditions (Degirmencioglu et al, 2008), school children (Omokhodion & Omokhodion, 2004), injured worker children (Hosseinpour et al, 2014) or a specific dimension; children's well‐being (Bourdillon & Carothers, 2019), health indicators (Roggero et al, 2007), health risks (Gharaibeh & Hoeman, 2003), child abuse (Badoe, 2017; Baka & Alsmadi, 2020), violence (Ferguson, 2005), sexual abuse (Karayianni et al, 2017), social health (Moradi et al, 2016). Guarcello et al (2010) tried to assess the comparability of estimates generated by different survey instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing and validation of a workplace abuse questionnaire among child labour

et al. 2022

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Despite the efforts of formal and informal institutions to manage child labour, current policies have not led to the realization of goals in this area. This study aimed to design and validate a workplace abuse questionnaire among the child labourers (WAQCL). The sample for the study was 250 Iranian child labourers, living in Tehran. The WAQCL investigated four factors (neglect, psychological, physical and sexual abuse) and consisted of 23 items. The questionnaire was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.8) and good content validity (0.932). The instrument can help to assess workplace abuse in health care practice.

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“…Engaging in child labor is considered an acceptable pathway to prepare children to be hardworking adults, and resilient to future work challenges [ 19 ]. Children in Turkey are found to work during their early years in order to contribute to family farm work [ 36 ]. Inherent in these justifications of child labor and child work are normative interpretations of the values of hard work, resilience, success, and achievement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Norms and Family Child Labor: A Systematic Literature Review

Abdullah

Huynh

Emery

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background. Research has established the family as the predominant context for child labor practices. Decisions to involve children in child labor within the family or by a family member (herein family child labor) is strongly motivated by cultural beliefs that normalize child labor. This systematic review sought to synthesize evidence on the social norms that support child labor practices, and the normative interpretation of international child labor legislation/standards. Methods. We followed the PRISMA procedure for systematic review by reviewing empirical articles published between 2000 to 2021 and contained within the four key databases: Scopus, ISI Web of Sciences, PubMed and Embase. Findings from 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed thematically. Results. The review included studies from three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. Gender norms, informal apprenticeship norm, norms on succession and sustenance as well as obedience, were key social norms that influenced child labor practices in the family. Parents’ decision to involve children in child labor was strongly influenced by the collective acceptance of some occupations (e.g., cocoa farming and fishing) as family occupations, which need to be preserved, undertaken and passed on to children. Child rights and the UNCRC principle of children’s participation were considered foreign to most non-western countries and interpreted as contravention to the cherished social norm of obedience. The findings underlie the link between social norms and the common social values of resilience, hard work, and respect. Conclusion. The results provide foundations and target to develop normative change intervention programs to re-orient the negative interpretations of common social values and provide alternative pathways that prevent child labor within the social context.

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Extreme Forms of Child Labour in Turkey

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence

Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence

Designing and validation of a workplace abuse questionnaire among child labour

Social Norms and Family Child Labor: A Systematic Literature Review

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