Extreme geomagnetic field variability indicated by Eastern Mediterranean full-vector archaeomagnetic records

Synchronizing Geomagnetic Field Intensity Records in the Levant Between the 23rd and 15th Centuries BCE: Chronological and Methodological Implications

“…The radiocarbon‐dated data from Turkey can potentially provide critical key chronological tie points to the archeoinensity compilation. Some of the data from Tell Atchana and Kinet Hoyuk (Ertepinar et al., 2020) and Kale Höyük and Kültepe (Ertepinar et al., 2016) are in agreement with the synchronized dataset, but other data show significantly different values. These data were analyzed using the microwave method and/or the Coe or the IZZI variants of the Thellier method and/or the multispecimen method.…”

“…This unique trend falls with several key historical events that make the archeointensity curve important for both archeomagnetic dating and geomagnetic secular variation research. Figure 1 shows archeointensity data within this time interval obtained using only modern paleointensity standards (Ertepinar et al., 2016, 2020; Gallet & Le Goff, 2006; Gallet et al., 2006, 2008, 2014a; Genevey et al., 2003; Shaar et al., 2016; Stillinger et al., 2015). Older datasets, which do not include corrections for both anisotropy and cooling rate effects (Athavale, 1969; Games, 1980; Hussain, 1983; Odah, 1999, 2004; Odah et al., 1995), are not shown.…”

“…The archeointensity data from Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Cyprus, and Israel, published over the past decades (Ben‐Yosef et al., 2017; Ben‐Yosef et al., 2008, 2009; Ertepinar et al., 2012, 2016, 2020; Gallet et al., 2006, 2008, 2014a, 2015, 2020; Gallet & Al‐Maqdissi, 2010; Gallet & Butterlin, 2015; Gallet & Le Goff, 2006; Genevey et al., 2003; Shaar et al., 2011, 2015, 2016; Stillinger et al., 2015) potentially provide sufficient information to inspect the behavior of the field in this region with an improved resolution and accuracy. Yet, when these recent data are plotted together with all other data published since the 1980s, substantial discrepancies arise (Figure ).…”

“…See text for the difference between the protocols. Squares: Thellier‐IZZI‐MagIC (Shaar et al., 2016); circles: Triaxe and/or Thellier‐Coe tested against Triaxe (Gallet et al., 2006, 2008, 2014a; Gallet & Al‐Maqdissi, 2010; Gallet & Le Goff, 2006; Genevey et al., 2003); triangles: microwave (Ertepinar et al., 2020) or microwave combined with Thellier‐Type and multispecimen (Ertepinar et al., 2016); pentagons: Thellier‐IZZI (Stillinger et al., 2015).…”

SCHA.DIF.4k: 4,000 Years of Paleomagnetic Reconstruction for Europe and Its Application for Dating

“…In the Middle East, the first and highest maximum occurs around 1000 BC and its amplitude decreases rapidly toward Western Europe (see Hovmöller). This eastern maximum defines the beginning of the LIAA event (Ertepinar et al., 2020; Rivero‐Montero et al., 2021; Shaar et al., 2017), one of the most important features of the past geomagnetic field. The Hovmöller diagram indicates that the LIAA event begins around 1000 BC at eastern longitudes (20°–40°E) whose amplitude vanishes westwards.…”