Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Lucena, Rodrigo Mendonça de; Dolz‐Edo, Laura; Brul, Stanley; Morais, Marcos Antônio de; Smits, Gertien J.

doi:10.3390/genes11060656

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The observed correlation between the time-course profiles of the increase of GAS1 transcription level and the content of glucan in the cell wall suggests that cell wall remodeling under acetic acid stress is, at least partially, due to the β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase activity of Gas1 involved in glucan elongation and also in branching 31 , 34 , while no support for the de novo synthesis of more glucan was obtained. Consistent with these results, GAS1 is a demonstrated determinant of acetic acid tolerance 6 as well as for other environmental stresses such as those induced by H 2 O 2 treatment 38 , low pH 39 and ethanol 40 . On the contrary, the transcription levels from FKS2 , BGL2 , CHS3 , CRH1 and PRM5 genes suffer a continuous reduction during the whole period of stressed cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Yeast adaptive response to acetic acid stress involves structural alterations and increased stiffness of the cell wall

Ribeiro

Vitorino

Godinho

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This work describes a coordinate and comprehensive view on the time course of the alterations occurring at the level of the cell wall during adaptation of a yeast cell population to sudden exposure to a sub-lethal stress induced by acetic acid. Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in industrial bioprocesses and a widely used preservative in foods and beverages. Results indicate that yeast cell wall resistance to lyticase activity increases during acetic acid-induced growth latency, corresponding to yeast population adaptation to sudden exposure to this stress. This response correlates with: (i) increased cell stiffness, assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM); (ii) increased content of cell wall β-glucans, assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and (iii) slight increase of the transcription level of the GAS1 gene encoding a β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase that leads to elongation of (1→3)-β-d-glucan chains. Collectively, results reinforce the notion that the adaptive yeast response to acetic acid stress involves a coordinate alteration of the cell wall at the biophysical and molecular levels. These alterations guarantee a robust adaptive response essential to limit the futile cycle associated to the re-entry of the toxic acid form after the active expulsion of acetate from the cell interior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Yeast adaptive response to acetic acid stress involves structural alterations and increased stiffness of the cell wall

Ribeiro

Vitorino

Godinho

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…As the proton pumping capacity in mutant strains can be a limiting factor for cell survival under stress conditions, we decided to test different types of stress. In accordance with the weak-acid theory [ 46 ], protonated and uncharged acetic acid can diffuse across the plasma membrane. Deprotonation of acetic acid inside the cell will decrease the cytosolic pH, and plasma membrane H + -ATPases are responsible for the extrusion of protons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Functional Analysis of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases of Ustilago maydis

Vázquez-Carrada

Feldbrügge

Olicón-Hernández

et al. 2022

JoF

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Plasma membrane H+-ATPases of fungi, yeasts, and plants act as proton pumps to generate an electrochemical gradient, which is essential for secondary transport and intracellular pH maintenance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two genes (PMA1 and PMA2) encoding H+-ATPases. In contrast, plants have a larger number of genes for H+-ATPases. In Ustilago maydis, a biotrophic basidiomycete that infects corn and teosinte, the presence of two H+-ATPase-encoding genes has been described, one with high identity to the fungal enzymes (pma1, UMAG_02851), and the other similar to the plant H+-ATPases (pma2, UMAG_01205). Unlike S. cerevisiae, these two genes are expressed jointly in U. maydis sporidia. In the present work, mutants lacking one of these genes (Δpma1 and Δpma2) were used to characterize the role of each one of these enzymes in U. maydis physiology and to obtain some of their kinetic parameters. To approach this goal, classical biochemical assays were performed. The absence of any of these H+-ATPases did not affect the growth or fungal basal metabolism. Membrane potential tests showed that the activity of a single H+-ATPase was enough to maintain the proton-motive force. Our results indicated that in U. maydis, both H+-ATPases work jointly in the generation of the electrochemical proton gradient, which is important for secondary transport of metabolites and regulation of intracellular pH.

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“…In this study, a low acidic medium pH of 2.5 at 37 °C was used as a preliminary indicator for potential probiotic features that could be held in our isolates. Generally, adjustment of yeast cell walls and activation of the cell wall integrity and general stress response pathways are the main strategies that enable the selected probiotic yeasts to resist a strong inorganic acid [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Characterization and Identification of Potential Probiotic Yeasts Isolated from Fermented Dairy and Non-Dairy Food Products

Alkalbani

Osaili

Al‐Nabulsi

et al. 2022

JoF

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This study is about the isolation of yeast from fermented dairy and non-dairy products as well as the characterization of their survival in in vitro digestion conditions and tolerance to bile salts. Promising strains were selected to further investigate their probiotic properties, including cell surface properties (autoaggregation, hydrophobicity and coaggregation), physiological properties (adhesion to the HT-29 cell line and cholesterol lowering), antimicrobial activities, bile salt hydrolysis, exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing capability, heat resistance and resistance to six antibiotics. The selected yeast isolates demonstrated remarkable survivability in an acidic environment. The reduction caused by in vitro digestion conditions ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 Log10. Bile salt tolerance increased with the extension in the incubation period, which ranged from 69.2% to 91.1% after 24 h. The ability of the 12 selected isolates to remove cholesterol varied from 41.6% to 96.5%, and all yeast strains exhibited a capability to hydrolyse screened bile salts. All the selected isolates exhibited heat resistance, hydrophobicity, strong coaggregation, autoaggregation after 24 h, robust antimicrobial activity and EPS production. The ability to adhere to the HT-29 cell line was within an average of 6.3 Log10 CFU/mL after 2 h. Based on ITS/5.8S ribosomal DNA sequencing, 12 yeast isolates were identified as 1 strain for each Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 10 strains for Pichia kudriavzevii.

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Extreme Low Cytosolic pH Is a Signal for Cell Survival in Acid Stressed Yeast

Cited by 19 publications

References 64 publications

Yeast adaptive response to acetic acid stress involves structural alterations and increased stiffness of the cell wall

Yeast adaptive response to acetic acid stress involves structural alterations and increased stiffness of the cell wall

Functional Analysis of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases of Ustilago maydis

In Vitro Characterization and Identification of Potential Probiotic Yeasts Isolated from Fermented Dairy and Non-Dairy Food Products

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