Extremely Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Infections in Patients in Zambia

Hendriksen, René S.; Joensen, Katrine Grimstrup; Lukwesa-Musyani, Chileshe; Kalonda, Annie; Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas; Nakazwe, Ruth; Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Hasman, Henrik; Mwansa, James

doi:10.1128/jcm.02227-12

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recent studies also detected oqxAB, a plasmid-borne gene which encoded an RND efflux pump, in Salmonella isolated from food, animals, and humans (10)(11)(12). Although resistance to fluoroquinolone or extended-spectrum cephalosporins was increasingly reported in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone (i.e., extremely drug resistant [XDR]) has been reported in other serovars, including S. Choleraesuis, S. Kentucky, S. Senftenberg, and S. Oranienburg, but not in S. Typhimurium (13)(14)(15)(16). This work illustrated the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the production of extremely drug-resistant phenotypes in S. Typhimurium.…”

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Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Wong

Yan

Chan

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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dSalmonella infection is an important public health issue for which the needs of antimicrobial treatment are increasing. A total of 546 human clinical S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates were recovered from patients in hospitals in China during the period of 2005 to ϳ2011. Twenty percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 4% were resistant to ceftriaxone. Importantly, for the first time, 12 (2%) S. Typhimurium isolates resistant to both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were recovered; among these 12 isolates, two were also resistant to azithromycin, and one was resistant to all other drugs tested. The combined effects of various transferrable extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase determinants and a novel efflux-based ciprofloxacin resistance mechanism encoded by the mobile efflux gene oqxAB were responsible for the emergence of these extremely (highly) drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhimurium isolates. The dissemination of resistance genes, such as those encoding ESBLs and the OqxAB pump, among Salmonella organisms will speed up the selection of XDR Salmonella, posing a huge threat to public health and Salmonella infection control.

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confidence: 99%

Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Wong

Yan

Chan

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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“…Antimicrobial-resistant isolates of S. Senftenberg are associated mainly with animal sources (23). Recently, antimicrobial-resistant human isolates have been reported; for example, extremely drug-resistant strains of S. Senftenberg have been isolated from patients in Zambia (24). Moreover, illnesses caused by metallo-␤-lactamase-producing S. Senftenberg that are associated with international travel have been identified recently in the United States (25).…”

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Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Emergence of an Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Variant in China

Ghany

Shi

et al. 2016

J Clin Microbiol

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f Human infections with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Senftenberg are often associated with exposure to poultry flocks, farm environments, or contaminated food. The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates has raised public health concerns. In this study, comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis were used to characterize 14 Salmonella Senftenberg clinical isolates recovered from multiple outbreaks in Shenzhen and Shanghai, China, between 2002 and 2011. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses identified two phylogenetically distinct clades of S. Senftenberg, designated SC1 and SC2, harboring variations in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 and exhibiting distinct biochemical and phenotypic signatures. Although the two variants shared the same serotype, the SC2 isolates of sequence type 14 (ST14) harbored intact SPI-1 and -2 and hence were characterized by possessing efficient invasion capabilities. In contrast, the SC1 isolates had structural deletion patterns in both SPI-1 and -2 that correlated with an impaired capacity to invade cultured human cells and also the year of their isolation. These atypical SC1 isolates also lacked the capacity to produce hydrogen sulfide. These findings highlight the emergence of atypical Salmonella Senftenberg variants in China and provide genetic validation that variants lacking SPI-1 and regions of SPI-2, which leads to impaired invasion capacity, can still cause clinical disease. These data have identified an emerging public health concern and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance to detect the prevalence and transmission of nontyphoidal Salmonella species.

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“…Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg infections in humans have been associated with the consumption of poultry (4,5) and plant-derived food commodities (6). Although S. Senftenberg is an uncommon cause of human infections globally (7)(8)(9), including in China (10,11), increasing antimicrobial resistance supports the need for specific surveillance for this serotype (5,8).…”

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Emergence and Prevalence of Non-H ₂ S-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Isolates Belonging to Novel Sequence Type 1751 in China

Yi¹,

Xie²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

J Clin Microbiol

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g Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg is a common nontyphoidal Salmonella serotype which causes human Salmonella infections worldwide. In this study, 182 S. Senftenberg isolates, including 17 atypical non-hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-producing isolates, were detected in China from 2005 to 2011. The microbiological and genetic characteristics of the non-H 2 S-producing and selected H 2 S-producing isolates were determined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) analysis. The phs operons were amplified and sequenced. The 17 non-H 2 S-producing and 36 H 2 S-producing isolates belonged to 7 sequence types (STs), including 3 new STs, ST1751, ST1757, and ST1758. Fourteen of the 17 non-H 2 S-producing isolates belonged to ST1751 and had very similar PFGE patterns. All 17 non-H 2 S-producing isolates had a nonsense mutation at position 1621 of phsA. H 2 S-producing and non-H 2 Sproducing S. Senftenberg isolates were isolated from the same stool sample from three patients; isolates from the same patients displayed the same antimicrobial susceptibility, ST, and PFGE pattern but could be discriminated based on CRISPR spacers. Non-H 2 S-producing S. Senftenberg isolates belonging to ST1751 have been prevalent in Shanghai, China. It is possible that these emerging organisms will disseminate further, because they are difficult to detect. Thus, we should strengthen the surveillance for the spread of this atypical S. Senftenberg variant.

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Extremely Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Infections in Patients in Zambia

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Emergence of an Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Variant in China

Emergence and Prevalence of Non-H ₂ S-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Isolates Belonging to Novel Sequence Type 1751 in China

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Extremely Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Infections in Patients in Zambia

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Emergence of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Azithromycin

Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Emergence of an Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Variant in China

Emergence and Prevalence of Non-H 2 S-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Isolates Belonging to Novel Sequence Type 1751 in China

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Emergence and Prevalence of Non-H ₂ S-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Isolates Belonging to Novel Sequence Type 1751 in China