2018
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27630-8
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Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Facilitate Electrical Signal Propagation by Increasing Transmembrane Potassium Efflux in an Artificial Axon Model

Abstract: Among the many biological effects caused by low intensity extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields (EHF-EMF) reported in the literature, those on the nervous system are a promising area for further research. The mechanisms by which these fields alter neural activity are still unclear and thus far there appears to be no frequency dependence regarding neuronal responses. Therefore, proper in vitro models for preliminary screening studies of the interaction between neural cells with EMF are needed. We desi… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…For analysis, 94 publications were identified and selected from the accessible databases (in vivo and in vitro) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For analysis, 94 publications were identified and selected from the accessible databases (in vivo and in vitro) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We identified 16 studies in the frequency group 50.1-60 GHz (six in vivo, ten in vitro) and 60% of the studies showed responses to MMW exposures [21,23,35,38,43,46,59,61,72,77,81,83,85,94,109].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure of an artificial axon model to a 53.37-GHz EMF (SAR 1.1-1.6 GHz) has been shown to increase both the transmembrane K+ efflux from lipid vesicles and the transport of these ions across the lipid membrane by promoting the activity of the K+ carrier valinomycin, thereby affecting the amplitude of electrical signals that propagate through electrically excitable cells. 36 Furthermore, a review of 23 studies has suggested that voltage-gated calcium channels may be activated upon exposure to EMFs, with downstream responses mediated through Ca 2+ /calmodulin stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis and subsequent stimulation of the NO-cGMP-protein kinase G and NO-ONOO --oxidative stress pathways, where the former can have therapeutic and the latter pathophysiological bioeffects, as well as responses mediated by other processes regulated by Ca 2+ . 37 Evidence of EMF-induced oxidative stress in cells has been observed after repeated subject exposure to 9-GHz EMFs (SAR 0.4 W/kg), 38 with oxidative damage such as single-strand DNA breaks shown in tissues exposed to 2.45-and 16.5-GHz EMFs (SAR 1.0 and 2.01 W/kg, respectively).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…from which (10) or (11) Equation (11 is adsorption heat due to HF EMF action. On the other hand, the rate of adsorbate mass variation in the selected volume of a porous medium is proportional to the difference ( ): (13) where is the adsorption rate; is the adsorption rate independent of HF EMF;…”
Section: Analysis Of the Henry Adsorptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As the Henry coefficient (Eq. (12)) depends on temperature, this results in displacement of the adsorption equilibrium curve [10]- [13]. The Henry coefficient decreases as temperature grows; so the desorption processes prevail.…”
Section: Analysis Of Mechanisms Of Hf Emf Influence On Sorption Kineticsmentioning
confidence: 99%