Extremely High Heat Fluxes Beneath Impinging Liquid Jets

Liu, X.; Lienhard, John H.

doi:10.1115/1.2910703

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Many efficient paths for heat transfer have been proposed as an alternate cooling mode. Among them, jet impingement cooling technique is still considered one of the best means of accommodating high heat fluxes while maintaining low wall temperature [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial heat transfer behavior of impinging submerged circular jets

Zhou

2006

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial heat transfer behavior of impinging submerged circular jets

Zhou

2006

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…In the case of synchrotron X-ray monochrometers, the fluxes may exceed 90 MW/m 2 over areas of square millimeters and represent undesired heat loads that must be removed to maintain system performance [5]. Large carbon dioxide lasers, electron beams, plasma arcs, and linear accelerators have all been used to deliver heat fluxes in this range for experimental testing [1,6,7], but such methods are either very expensive or produce spatially nonuniform heat loads (generally Gaussian distributed) that may not represent actual operating conditions. An alternative method is to form an electrical resistance heater atop the test surface [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu and Lienhard [1] used high-velocity water jets to cool a small heated region, with fluxes ranging between 50 and 400 MW/m 2 . They confined the heating to the high-pressure stagnation region of a 1.9 mm diameter jet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Heat Flux Cooling by Liquid Jet-Array Modules

Lienhard

Hadeler²

1999

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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“…The literature on heat transfer and flow of impinging jets is vast and growing [Martin, 1977;Downs and James, 1987;Hrycak, 1981;Webb and Ma, 1995;Lee and Lee, 2000]. The primary application has been for enhancement of convective heat transfer parameters [Gardon and Akfirat, 1965] so much of the literature concentrated on integral heat transfer quantities, such as local or average heat transfer coefficients (e.g., Goldstein and Behbahani [1982], Hrycak [1983], Baughn and Shimizu [1989], Liu and Lienhard [1993], San, Huang and Shu [1997], , Siba et al [1998], Lee and Lee [2000] Behnia et al [1999] and others. To maintain effectiveness, often arrays of impinging jets are employed with small pitch-to-diameter spacings, so the non-dimensional radial extent is not large [Womac, Incropera and Ramadyani, 1994;Slayzak, Viskanta and Incropera, 1994;Lienhard et al, 1996].…”

Section: Experimental Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Of An Experiment For Measuring Flow Phenomena Occurring In A Lower Plenum For VHTR CFD Assessment

McEligot¹,

Condie²,

Creery³

et al. 2005

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The objective of the present report is to document the design of our first experiment to measure generic flow phenomena expected to occur in the lower plenum of a typical prismatic VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) concept. In the process, fabrication sketches are provided for the use of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysts wishing to employ the data for assessment of their proposed codes. The general approach of the project is to develop new benchmark experiments for assessment in parallel with CFD and coupled CFD/systems code calculations for the same geometry. One aspect of the complex flow in a prismatic VHTR is being addressed: flow and thermal mixing in the lower plenum ("hot streaking" issue). Current prismatic VHTR concepts were examined to identify their proposed flow conditions and geometries over the range from normal operation to decay heat removal in a pressurized cooldown. Approximate analyses were applied to determine key non-dimensional parameters and their magnitudes over this operating range. The flow in the lower plenum can locally be considered to be a situation of multiple jets into a confined crossflow --with obstructions. Flow is expected to be turbulent with momentum-dominated turbulent jets entering; buoyancy influences are estimated to be negligible in normal full power operation. Experiments are needed for the combined features of the lower plenum flows. Missing from the typical jet experiments available are interactions with nearby circular posts and with vertical posts in the vicinity of vertical walls -with near stagnant surroundings at one extreme and significant crossflow at the other.Unheated MIR (Matched-Index-of-Refraction) experiments are first steps when the geometry is complicated. One does not want to use a computational technique which will not even handle constant properties properly. The purpose of the fluid dynamics experiments is to develop benchmark databases for the assessment of CFD solutions of the momentum equations, scalar mixing and turbulence models for typical VHTR plenum geometries in the limiting case of negligible buoyancy and constant fluid properties. As indicated by the scaling studies, in normal full power operation of a typical VHTR conceptual design, buoyancy influences should be negligible in the lower plenum. The MIR experiment will simulate flow features of the paths of jets as they mix in flowing through the array of posts in a lower plenum en route to the single exit duct. The conceptual design for such an experiment is described and the development of the final apparatus is presented. Fabrication sketches are provided in Appendix A for the use of CFD analysts wishing to employ the data for assessment of their proposed codes. iv v

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Extremely High Heat Fluxes Beneath Impinging Liquid Jets

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Radial heat transfer behavior of impinging submerged circular jets

Radial heat transfer behavior of impinging submerged circular jets

High Heat Flux Cooling by Liquid Jet-Array Modules

Development Of An Experiment For Measuring Flow Phenomena Occurring In A Lower Plenum For VHTR CFD Assessment

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