Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Baron, Ida Sue; Rey‐Casserly, Celiane

doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9132-z

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 237 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…Long-term outcomes are influenced by complex interactions between biological, medical, social, familial, and environmental factors, and their influence on the dynamic and adaptive maturational process of brain development (28,92,93,94). Well-designed studies, capturing biological and social covariates, are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth–associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010

et al. 2013

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Background:In 2010, there were an estimated 15 million preterm births worldwide (<37 wk gestation). Survivors are at risk of adverse outcomes, and burden estimation at global and regional levels is critical for priority setting.Methods:Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment for surviving preterm babies according to the level of care. A compartmental model was used to estimate the number of impaired postneonatal survivors following preterm birth in 2010. A separate model (DisMod-MR) was used to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs) for the global burden of disease 2010 study. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLDs and years of life lost (YLLs).Results:In 2010, there were an estimated 13 million preterm births who survived beyond the first month. Of these, 345,000 (2.7%, uncertainty range: 269,000–420,000) were estimated to have moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment, and a further 567,000 (4.4%, (445,000–732,000)) were estimated to have mild neurodevelopmental impairment. Many more have specific learning or behavioral impairments or reduced physical or mental health. Fewest data are available where the burden is heaviest. Preterm birth was responsible for 77 million DALYs, 3.1% of the global total, of which only 3 million were YLDs.Conclusion:Most preterm births (>90%) survive without neurodevelopmental impairment. Developing effective means of prevention of preterm birth should be a longer term priority, but major burden reduction could be made immediately with improved coverage and quality of care. Improved newborn care would reduce mortality, especially in low-income countries and is likely to reduce impairment in survivors, particularly in middle-income settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth–associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010

et al. 2013

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“…Accumulate evidence suggests that prematurity is not only associated with interruption of brain development at early and critical neurodevelopmental stages, but it also perturbs the trajectory of normal cerebral development after birth [24]. Therefore, children born preterm, and especially those who survive severe or extreme prematurity, will face a number of neurobehavioral, adaptive and social challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of severity and outcome of global developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield: a prospective observational study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAlthough several determinants of global developmental delay (GDD) have been recognized, a significant number of children remain without definitive etiologic diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of various prenatal and perinatal factors on the severity and outcome of developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield.MethodsFrom March 2008 to February 2010, 142 children with developmental quotient (DQ) <70 and without definitive etiologic diagnosis, were included. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors known to be associated with disordered neonatal brain function were identified. Participants underwent a thorough investigation, an individualized habilitation plan was recommended, and the children were followed-up regularly for a period of 2 < years. The effect of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on the severity and outcome of GDD was assessed by regression analysis.ResultsThe mean age at enrolment was 31 ± 12 < months, and the mean DQ 52.2 ± 11.4. Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were found to be independently associated with lower DQ values. The mean DQ after the 2-year follow-up was 62.5 ± 12.7, and the DQ difference from the enrollment 10.4 ± 8.9 (median 10; range-10 to 42). DQ improvement (defined as a DQ difference?≥?median) was noted in 52.8% of the children. IUGR, low socio-economic status, and poor compliance to habilitation plan were found to be independently associated with poorer developmental outcomes.ConclusionsPrematurity and IUGR were found to be significantly and independently related to the severity of GDD in cases without definitive etiologic yield. Poorer 2-year developmental outcome was associated with IUGR, low socioeconomic status and non compliance to habilitation plan. Prematurity was a significant determinant of the outcome only in association with the above mentioned factors.

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“…32,33 It seems that 30% to 40% of children born at 26 weeks' gestational age experience moderate-to-severe motor or developmental delays at 30 months. 34 More worrisome is the report by Marlow et al 35 that these delays may persist up to the age of 6 years and that their incidence is even greater at that age, namely 46%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual Development and Neuropsychological Profile in Preterm Children from 6 Months to School Age

et al. 2014

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The aim of this semilongitudinal study was to investigate the development of central visual pathways in children born preterm but without major neurologic impairments and to establish their cognitive and behavioral profile at school age. Ten children born preterm were assessed at 6 months and at school age, using visual evoked potentials at both time points and cognitive and behavioral tests at school age. We also tested 10 age-matched children born full-term. At 6 months' corrected age, we found no significant differences between preterm and full-term groups for either amplitude or latency of N1 and P1 components. At school age, the preterm group manifested significantly higher N1 amplitudes and tended to show higher P1 amplitudes than the full-term group. We found no significant differences in cognitive and behavioral measures at school age. These results suggest that preterm birth affects visual pathways development, yet the children born preterm did not manifest cognitive problems.

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Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Cited by 80 publications

References 237 publications

Preterm birth–associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010

Preterm birth–associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010

Predictors of severity and outcome of global developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield: a prospective observational study

Visual Development and Neuropsychological Profile in Preterm Children from 6 Months to School Age

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