“…Perhaps a more significant problem is the lack of robust metabolic stability in blood, tissue, and at the BBB, due to the presence of numerous, soluble and membrane associated, peptidases (Brownson et al, 1994). This is particularly true for the endogenous, opioid peptide Met-enkephalin, which, has a plasma half-life of around five seconds (Dupont et al, 1977). However, this did not stop Abba and his team who carried out several studies on Met-enkephalin analogs showing brain entry via what was termed a Brain Uptake Index (BUI) (Kastin et al, 1976).…”