Extremophiles for Hydrolytic Enzymes Productions: Biodiversity and Potential Biotechnological Applications

Kour, Divjot; Rana, Kusam Lata; Kaur, Tanvir; Singh, Balveer; Chauhan, Vinay; Kumar, Ashok; Rastegari, Ali Asghar; Yadav, Neelam; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Gupta, Vijai Kumar

doi:10.1002/9781119434436.ch16

Cited by 79 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…These mainly include alteration in the biosynthesis of growth regulators, compatible osmolytes, amino acids and phenolic components, as well as other physiological processes like photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf water potential [118,119]. Many lytic enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, endopolygalacturonase, glucanase, lipase, amylase, arabinase and protease have been isolated from different strains of Trichoderma [120,121]. A cellulose-binding protein termed swollenin can disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose in plant cell walls [26].…”

Section: Plant Growth Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Sood

Kapoor

Kumar

et al. 2020

Plants

400

235

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The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.

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Section: Plant Growth Promotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Sood

Kapoor

Kumar

et al. 2020

Plants

400

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is known that extremophilic microorganisms are competent producers of a range of potentially relevant hydrolytic enzymes [ 42 ]. The search for new plastic-active enzymes and microorganisms has resulted in interest in relevant extremophilic enzymes due to the changes that occur in polymer properties at extreme values of temperature, pH, salinity, pressure, reduced water content and nutrients, and high radiation.…”

Section: General Features Of Plastic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Degradation by Extremophilic Bacteria

Atanasova

Stoitsova

Paunova-Krasteva

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Intensive exploitation, poor recycling, low repeatable use, and unusual resistance of plastics to environmental and microbiological action result in accumulation of huge waste amounts in terrestrial and marine environments, causing enormous hazard for human and animal life. In the last decades, much scientific interest has been focused on plastic biodegradation. Due to the comparatively short evolutionary period of their appearance in nature, sufficiently effective enzymes for their biodegradation are not available. Plastics are designed for use in conditions typical for human activity, and their physicochemical properties roughly change at extreme environmental parameters like low temperatures, salt, or low or high pH that are typical for the life of extremophilic microorganisms and the activity of their enzymes. This review represents a first attempt to summarize the extraordinarily limited information on biodegradation of conventional synthetic plastics by thermophilic, alkaliphilic, halophilic, and psychrophilic bacteria in natural environments and laboratory conditions. Most of the available data was reported in the last several years and concerns moderate extremophiles. Two main questions are highlighted in it: which extremophilic bacteria and their enzymes are reported to be involved in the degradation of different synthetic plastics, and what could be the impact of extremophiles in future technologies for resolving of pollution problems.

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“…A number of these enzymes have been produced by extremophiles (Table 1) and their extraction processes are relatively simple. Bacillus licheniformis is among the major sources of industrial thermostable α‐amylase (Afrisham, Badoei‐Dalfard, Namaki‐Shoushtari, & Karami, 2016; Bhatt, Trivedi, & Patel, 2020; Hu et al., 2019; Kambourova, 2017; Kour et al., 2019; Kumar & Chakravarty, 2018; Mesbah & Wiegel, 2018). For instance, B. licheniformis isolated from hot and acidic springs in Nanjing, China produced highly thermostable and acid‐stable α‐amylase.…”

Section: Categories and Applications Of Food Enzymes From Extremophilesmentioning

confidence: 99%