Extremotolerant rock inhabiting black fungi from Italian monumental sites

Isola, Daniela; Zucconi, Laura; Onofri, Silvano; Caneva, Giulia; Hoog, G. S. de; Selbmann, Laura

doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0342-9

Cited by 126 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Fungi (such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Aureobasidium, Phoma) have a significant biodeteriorative action and may penetrate into the stone surface, causing the bio-pitting; fungi colonies can be in close association with lichens [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology and Cultural Heritage Conservation

Palla¹

2020

Heritage

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The deterioration of cultural asset is induced by biological, chemical, and physical factors, influenced by anthropogenic activity and environmental conditions. In this study, the contribution of biotechnology is emphasized to define the conservation strategy, for a marble Fountain (Two Dragons, XV century) located in Palermo city center, based on an integrated approach and eco-friendly procedures. Biotechnological protocols are preliminarily applied as an integrated approach, based on microscopy observation, in vitro culture and genomic DNA analysis to recognize and characterize microbial communities. Several biological systems have been identified: green algae (Chlorella) and cyanobacteria (Cyanobium, Oscillatoria); bacteria (Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Paracoccus); fungi (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, Fusarium, Cladosporium). In order to address biological colonization, the commercial Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and laboratory-distilled (Calamintha nepeta and Allium sativum) EOs, have been assayed by in vitro Agar disc diffusion, Well-plates diffusion, and Micro-dilution methods; the result allows to define the most appropriate EOs concentration to use. In a green conservation prospective, this study highlighted that EOs can potentially replace the traditional biocides, but the activity must be preliminary evaluated by centring the choose specifically on each microbial taxon identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology and Cultural Heritage Conservation

Palla¹

2020

Heritage

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“…Previous studies of fungal identification from extreme environments [4,14,33,34] have shown that RIF groups require specific conditions of humidity, temperature, pH and time for the formation of reproductive structures, which are used for their morphological identification. However, many of these fungi do not produce spores, making their micro-morphological identification.…”

Section: Dgge and Community Profile Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Isola, D., et al [4], RIF residing on monuments must face sun exposure, prolonged periods of dryness and nutrient deficiency as well as the additional stress of pollution, since monuments are often located in urban environments. They include specific species in the asexual states, small colonies and compact forms showing the presence of melanin, species occurring in hot and cold deserts, and in other temperate ecosystems of the planet [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Rock-inhabiting Fungal Communities from Brazilian Soapstone Sampleshttp://www.davidpublisher.org/index.php/Home/Article/index?id=31207.html

Boniek¹,

Oliveira²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2017

JESE-B

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Abstract:The present study aims to evaluate the environmental effect on fungal community composition associated with biodeterioration occurring in stones (soapstone) at two distinct locations in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Congonhas city and Sanctuary of Caraça. Four collections of fungal communities over one year were obtained from both research sites from the soapstone block surfaces exposed for over two decades. The molecular diversity profile of the fungal community at the two localities was obtained by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis), and the genomes of the most representative population were sequenced. DGGE showed the formation of two clusters with filamentous fungal communities. Sequencing of the most representative bands revealed the presence of fungi associated with the biodeterioration of soapstone. In addition, many of the identified species were associated with photobionts that could generate lichens, indicating that environmental characteristics affect the occurrence of filamentous fungi, which leads to biodeterioration of stones. Authors' study focused on an environmental variation of an extreme habitat for fungi associated with soapstone in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified the presence of interesting rock-inhabiting fungal communities including species related to lichens, which can accelerate the deterioration of stones by the production of organic acids.

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“…The use of stone in the construction of monuments and sculptures has had some consequences over time, like the appearance of patinas [8] such as black films or biofilms [9]. These patinas have been identified in granite substrates [10][11][12], marble [13], all over the world, like Italian stone monuments [14] and historical monuments in Brazil [15][16][17].…”

Section: Biocidal Effect Of Gamma Radiation On the Ecology Of Filamenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to block A (Fig. 3), the following elements were detected: 6 C, 8 O, 12 Mg, 13 Al, 14 Si, 20 Ca, 24 Cr, 25 Mn and 26 Fe. The analysis of block B showed the same chemical components, except for the absence of manganese: 6 C, 8 O, 12 Mg, 13 Al, 14 Si, 20 Ca, 24 Cr and 26 Fe.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Soapstonementioning

confidence: 99%

Biocidal Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Ecology of Filamentous Fungal Populations Associated with Stone Deterioration

Boniek¹,

Mendes²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

JESE-A

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This study focused on the identification of the filamentous fungi associated with soapstone samples exposed to outdoor conditions and the biocidal effect of gamma radiations on isolated fungal populations in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. Two soapstone blocks were placed outdoors under tropical environmental conditions for 12 months. A total of 9 filamentous fungal populations were identified on their surfaces, namely Acremomium (cf.) alternatum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Calcarisporium (cf.) arbuscula, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti and Penicillium citrinum. The gamma radiation assay was then carried out as a test of biocidal action by exposing all fungal populations to the ionizing radiation. The results showed that only the C. cladosporioides species was resistant to this biocidal agent, since it was able to increase its population post exposure. Scanning electron microscopy images identified the microbial colonization on the soapstone blocks and the stone elementar composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. After treatment, there was no structural and aesthetic alteration in the soapstone samples, and evidencing that gamma radiation can be used as a biocidal agent. However, the resistance of the black fungal population indicates caution in the choice of gamma irradiation as biocidal treatment.

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Extremotolerant rock inhabiting black fungi from Italian monumental sites

Cited by 126 publications

References 78 publications

Biotechnology and Cultural Heritage Conservation

Biotechnology and Cultural Heritage Conservation

Effect of Environmental Factors on Rock-inhabiting Fungal Communities from Brazilian Soapstone Sampleshttp://www.davidpublisher.org/index.php/Home/Article/index?id=31207.html

Biocidal Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Ecology of Filamentous Fungal Populations Associated with Stone Deterioration

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