Extricating the Association Between the Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer

Younis, Mohd; Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan; Meyyazhagan, Arun; Bhotla, Haripriya Kuchi; Sureshkumar, S.; Kumar, Mithun Kumar Ramesh; Pappuswamy, Manikantan; Alagamuthu, Karthick Kumar; Sasikala, K.; Anand, Arumugam Vijaya

doi:10.1007/s12029-020-00535-4

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, “metastasis presence” and “metastasis site” were the most potent prognosticating factors, showing the highest HR. The findings correlate with the results from other studies that some clinicopathological factors, such as tumour site [ 32 ], tumour metastasis and metastasis site [ 33 ], comorbidity presence and number [ 34 ], CEA level [ 35 ], and tumour histopathology [ 36 ], demonstrate better prognosis in CRC patients. CRC patients with “No metastases” are considered to have a better survival status than those with metastases, 64.5% vs. 32.1%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study

et al. 2022

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Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is rising exponentially in Asia, representing 11% of cancer worldwide. This study analysed the influence of CRC on patients’ life expectancy (survival and prognosis factors) via clinicopathology data and comorbidity status of CRC patients. Methodology: A retrospective study performed in HUSM using clinical data from the Surgery unit from 2015 to 2020. The demographic and pertinent clinical data were retrieved for preliminary analyses (data cleansing and exploration). Demographics and pathological characteristics were illustrated using descriptive analysis; 5-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier methods; potential prognostic variables were analysed using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted via the Cox proportional hazards model, while the Charlson Comorbidity Scale was used to categorize patients’ disease status. Results: Of a total of 114 CRC patients, two-thirds (89.5%) were from Malay tribes, while Indian and Chinese had 5.3% each. The 50–69.9 years were the most affected group (45.6%). Overall, 40.4% were smokers (majorly male (95.7%)), 14.0% ex-smokers, and 45.6% non-smokers (p-value = 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier overall 5-year median survival time was 62.5%. From the outcomes, patients who were male and >70 years had metastasis present, who presented with per rectal bleeding and were classified as Duke C; and who has tumour in the rectum had the lowest survival rate. Regarding the prognosis factors investigated, “Gender” (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 2.62; 95% CI: 1.56–7.81, p-value = 0.040), “Presence of metastases” (HR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.89–7.32, p-value = 0.010), “Metastasis site: Liver” (HR: 5.04; 95% CI: 1.71–19.05, p-value = 0.039), “Lymphovascular permeation” (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.99–5.92, p-value = 0.021), and “CEA-level” (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.49–5.80, p-value = 0.001) remained significant in the final model for multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. There was a significant mean association between tumour grades and the patient’s comorbidity status. Conclusions: Histopathological factors (gender, metastases presence, site of metastases, CEA level, and lymphovascular permeation) showed the best prognosis-predicting factors in CRC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study

et al. 2022

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“…However, there can be an interlink between these factors and genetic characters in the Asian populations [7][8][9][10][11][12]. CRC progresses from single crypt lesions "adenomatous polyps" to carcinomas [13,14] by following varying stages of invasion, lymph node involvement, site, and migration characterized by tumor-node-metastasis classification [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Jeopardy of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Colorectal Cancer

Younis

Kumar

Bhotla

et al. 2021

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the globally prevalent and virulent types of cancer with a distinct alteration in chromosomes. Often, any alterations in the adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor gene, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are related to surmise colorectal cancer significantly. In this study, we have investigated chromosomal and gene variants to discern a new-fangled gene and its expression in the southern populations of India by primarily spotting the screened APC and MTHFR variants in CRC patients. An equal number of CRC patients and healthy control subjects ( n = 65 ) were evaluated to observe a chromosomal alteration in the concerted and singular manner for APC and MTHFR genotypes using standard protocols. The increasing prognosis was observed in persons with higher alcoholism and smoking ( P < 0.05 ) with frequent alterations in chromosomes 1, 5, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, and 22. The APC Asp 1822Val and MTHFR C677T genotypes provided significant results, while the variant alleles of this polymorphism were linked with an elevated risk of CRC. Chromosomal alterations can be the major cause in inducing carcinogenic outcomes in CRCs and can drive to extreme pathological states.

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“…Unlike many other types of cancer, the survival rate for CRC has not changed a great deal. Recent studies showed that the prognostication of CRC depends upon the clinicopathological factors and the stages of tumor characteristics and reported the association with survival times and clinical outcomes [2][3][4]. Several susceptibility studies on the association of a genetic variant and CRC have been reported [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of β-Catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, Tp53, and Cyclin D1 Genes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022

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Objectives. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression and/or variants of several genes play an essential role in the progress of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study is a meta-analysis undertaken to estimate the prognosis and survival associated with CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, Wnt, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes among CRC patients. Methods. The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct for relevant reports published between 2000 and 2020 and analyzed them to determine any relationship between the (immunohistochemically/sequencing-detected) gene expression and variants of the selected genes and the survival of CRC patients. Results. The analysis included 34,074 patients from 64 studies. To evaluate association, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS), with a 95% confidence interval (CIs). Pooled results showed that β-catenin overexpression, APC mutation, SMAD-3 or 4 loss of expression, TP53 mutations, and Cyclin D1 expression were associated with shorter OS. β-Catenin overexpression (HR: 0.137 (95% CI: 0.131–0.406)), loss of expression of SMAD3 or 4 (HR: 0.449 (95% CI: 0.146–0.753)), the mutations of TP53 (HR: 0.179 (95% CI: 0.126–0.485)), and Cyclin D1 expression (HR: 0.485 (95% CI: 0.772–0.198)) also presented risk for shorter DFS. Conclusions. The present meta-analysis indicates that overexpression or underexpression and variants of CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes potentially acted as unfavorable biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC. The Wnt gene was not associated with prognosis.

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Extricating the Association Between the Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study

The Prediction of Survival Outcome and Prognosis Factor in Association with Comorbidity Status in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Research-Based Study

Transmission Jeopardy of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Colorectal Cancer

Association of β-Catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, Tp53, and Cyclin D1 Genes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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