Extrinsic and intrinsic sources of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the lamb ileum: a morphometric and neurochemical investigation

Chiocchetti, Roberto; Grandis, Annamaria; Bombardi, Cristiano; Lucchi, Maria Luisa; Lago, Davide Tadini Dal; Bortolami, R.; Furness, John B.

doi:10.1007/s00441-005-0075-2

Cited by 57 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The small intestine was, furthermore, innervated by sympathetic sensory neurons in the DRGs of the cat (duodenum [5]), sheep (ileum [8]), dog (duodenum [14]) and monkey (duodenum, jejunum and ileum [29]). In the ileum of the sheep, the labeled sensory neurons were located in the DRGs T5 to L4 (highest in T13 to L3) [8]. On the other hand, those in the ileum of the monkey were existed in DRGs T4 to L1 (highest in T8 and T9) [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Sensory Neurons Innervating the Distal Ileum of the Cattle

Ohmori

Atoji

Saito

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. After oral challenge of the pathological prion protein, the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the pathogen was first detected in the distal ileum and then deposited in the brain. The present study aims determining the possible neuronal transporting pathways from the ileum to the brain in the cattle using a tracer protein. After horseradish peroxidase was injected into the wall of the distal ileum in the calf, almost all labeled neurons were detected in the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion complex. Only a few labeled neurons existed in the caudal mesenteric ganglion and the paravertebral ganglia. They were sympathetic postganglionic neurons. In the dorsal root ganglia T5 to L4, some sensory neurons were found to be labeled. Only a small number of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons were labeled in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. No labeled sensory neurons were found in the nodose ganglion. These results suggest that the pathological prion protein is mainly transported to the spinal cord and brain via the sympathetic nervous system and partially via the sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. The vagus nerve does not seem to contribute to the transport of the pathogen from the ileum directly. KEY WORDS: autonomic nervous system, cattle, extrinsic innervation, ileum, retrograde labeling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Sensory Neurons Innervating the Distal Ileum of the Cattle

Ohmori

Atoji

Saito

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The procedures utilized to obtain cryosections of the ileum have been described elsewhere (Chiocchetti et al, 2006).…”

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic innervation of the ileocecal junction in horses

Russo

Bombardi

Grandis

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution and chemical phenotypes of sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the equine ileocecal junction (ICJ) were studied by combining retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was investigated. Sympathetic neurons projecting to the ICJ were distributed within the celiac (CG), cranial mesenteric (CranMG), and caudal mesenteric (CaudMG) ganglia, as well as in the last ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain and in the splanchnic ganglia. In the CG and CranMG 91 +/- 8% and 93 +/- 12% of the neurons innervating the ICJ expressed TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. In the CaudMG 90 +/- 15% and 94 +/- 5% of ICJ innervating neurons were TH- and DBH-IR, respectively. Sympathetic (TH-IR) fibers innervated the myenteric and submucosal ganglia, ileal blood vessels, and the muscle layers. They were more concentrated at the ICJ level and were also seen encircling myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal plexus (SMP) descending neurons that were retrogradely labeled from the ICJ. Among the few retrogradely labeled DRG neurons, nNOS-, CGRP-, and SP-IR nerve cells were observed. Dense networks of CGRP-, nNOS-, and SP-IR varicosities were seen around retrogradely labeled prevertebral ganglia neurons. The CGRP-IR fibers are probably the endings of neurons projecting from the intestine to the prevertebral ganglia. These findings indicate that this crucial region of the intestinal tract is strongly influenced by the sympathetic system and that sensory information of visceral origin influences the sympathetic control of the ICJ.

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“…In sheep, mucosal nerve Wbers include those that express VIP, SP, NOS [8,27,51], and also SOM (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Implications Of Som + Secretomotor Neurons Targeted By Prionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

et al. 2008

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Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrP Sc . Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrP Sc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP Sc was observed in 4.48 § 4.26% of myenteric neurons and 2.57 § 1.82% of submucosal neurons in Wve lambs aged 208-226 days but not in a lamb aged 138 days. The relative frequency of PrP Sc within enteric somata was interdependent on plexus location and neurochemical type. Interestingly, PrP Sc was observed more frequently within myenteric neurons than in submucosal neurons (PGP 9.5; OR = 1.72, 95% conWdence interval = 1.21-2.44), and was observed within the myenteric plexus approximately 4£ (2.16-6.94) more frequently in somatostatin neurons than in the general neural population stained by PGP 9.5. Nerve Wbers stained for somatostatin were present in the mucosa and near PrP Sc staining within Peyer's patches. The results suggest that somatostatin-expressing enteric neurons, with Wber projections near Peyer's patches, but with somata present in greatest proportion within the myenteric plexus, are an early target for neuroinvasion by scrapie prions and could serve an important role in neural dissemination.

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Extrinsic and intrinsic sources of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the lamb ileum: a morphometric and neurochemical investigation

Cited by 57 publications

References 56 publications

Localization of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Sensory Neurons Innervating the Distal Ileum of the Cattle

Localization of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Sensory Neurons Innervating the Distal Ileum of the Cattle

Sympathetic innervation of the ileocecal junction in horses

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

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