Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have characteristic ultrasonographic features and extensive migratory capacity in dogs

Soppet, Jenelle; Young, Benjamin; Griffin, John F.; Gilmour, Lindsey J.; Heffelman, Victoria; Tucker-Mohl, Katherine; Biller, David S.; Wolff, Collin A.; Spaulding, Kathy A.

doi:10.1111/vru.12673

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Extension of gelatinous bile into the cystic duct, common bile duct (CBD), and hepatic ducts may occur, causing varying degrees of extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO). 1,2,5,6,11 The etiology of GBM is incompletely understood but thought to be multifactorial. 1,12,13 Gallbladder dysmotility may result in functional obstruction of the cystic duct and CBD, or mechanical obstruction of the ducts by mucus, choledocholithiasis, or pancreatitis may cause bile stasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,17,18 Increased mucus secretion occurs, and, in some cases, cystic mucinous hyperplasia of the GB. 1,2,6,9,10,12,[17][18][19][20][21] Fibrinosuppurative and necrotizing, hemorrhagic cholecystitis may develop with GBM and cause transmural ischemia and GB rupture. 2,5,17,19,20,22 Cholecystectomy addresses the defective GB wall and is the most appropriate treatment for GBM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine the influence of normograde (NG) versus retrograde (RG) catheterization of the cystic duct and common bile duct (CBD) in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) treated with open cholecystectomy.Study design: Retrospective study. Animals: Dogs (n = 117) with GBM.Methods: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings, details of surgery including catheterization method, complications, and outcome. Long-term follow-up data were obtained by telephone or electronic communication. Relationships between catheterization method and clinical variables and outcome were evaluated.Results: Dogs catheterized RG were more likely to experience any postoperative complication (p = .0004) including persistence of gastrointestinal signs (p = .0003). Survival to discharge and long-term survival did not differ by group (p = .23 and p = .49). Total bilirubin (TB) decreased by 70.3% after NG catheterization compared to 39.1% after RG catheterization (p = .03) and increased in 14.9% dogs catheterized NG and 38.0% dogs catheterized RG (p = .004). The presence of a diplomate surgeon at surgery resulted in decreased incidences of any perioperative or postoperative complication (p = .003 and p = .05). Conclusion: Retrograde catheterization was associated with more postoperative concerns than NG catheterization, but similar survival times. Surgery should be performed by diplomates experienced in biliary surgery to minimize complications.Clinical significance: Although both NG and RG techniques to catheterize the cystic duct and CBD are options for treatment of GBM with low mortality,

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cocker spaniels, miniature schnauzers, and Shetland sheepdogs appear particularly prone to gallbladder mucocele development and a hereditary component is considered in these breeds . Recent research has also shown the migratory capacity of extruded gallbladder mucoceles in the abdomen as identified on abdominal ultrasound . Although mucoceles are readily detected using ultrasonography, relative to CT, it can result in longer scan times, greater patient discomfort from physical compression of the ultrasound probe, and incomplete evaluation of the abdomen in large patients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,[15][16][17][18] Recent research has also shown the migratory capacity of extruded gallbladder mucoceles in the abdomen as identified on abdominal ultrasound. 19 Although mucoceles are readily detected using ultrasonography, relative to CT, it can result in longer scan times, greater patient discomfort from physical compression of the ultrasound probe, and incomplete evaluation of the abdomen in large patients. 20 Thus, CT could allow faster and more complete abdominal evaluation for these patients, but scientific investigation of canine biliary contents in veterinary medicine using CT is minimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT attenuation values and mineral distribution can be used to differentiate dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles

Fuerst

Hostnik

2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gallbladder mucoceles are potentially fatal in dogs. Multiphase CT angiography was performed to evaluate the canine gallbladder in three conditions: no sludge, sludge occupying ≥25% of the lumen, and mucoceles. Twenty dogs with normal hepatobiliary bloodwork and no‐to‐minimal gallbladder sludge, 13 dogs with normal bloodwork and ≥25% sludge in the gallbladder lumen, and 18 dogs with histologically confirmed gallbladder mucoceles were enrolled in a prospective, observational diagnostic accuracy study. Three regions of interest (ROI) were stratified in the dorsal‐ventral orientation and a single ROI was measured within the hepatic parenchyma. Mean attenuation and presence of mineral were recorded. Average Hounsfield units (HU) were recorded for precontrast, arterial, portovenous, and late venous phases. The overall median HU value for mucoceles was significantly higher than gallbladders without sludge and with sludge; precontrast median overall attenuation was 49.3, 35.8, and 39.7 HU, respectively (P < .000004). Mineral was seen in four (20%) dogs with no sludge, seven (56%) dogs with sludge, and nine (50%) dogs with mucoceles. Mineral in the dogs with mucoceles was located within the central aspect of the gallbladder lumen in 67% of mucoceles; this mineral distribution was not seen in any dog without a mucocele. Computed tomography can differentiate a subset of gallbladder mucoceles from dogs with and without gallbladder sludge, especially in the precontrast series. An HU value of 48.6 is 52% sensitive and 96% specific for a gallbladder mucocele. A hyperattenuating gallbladder on precontrast CT images and centrally distributed mineral can be a gallbladder mucocele.

show abstract

“…All patients that were included had either a necropsy, surgery, or fluid analysis confirmation performed in order to prove or disprove gallbladder rupture. Rupture of the gallbladder was considered if a full thickness defect in the gallbladder wall on surgery or histopathology, if the gallbladder was adhered to the surrounding tissues at surgery, if fibrosis of a previous area of gallbladder wall rupture was found on histopathology, if abdominal effusion contained bilirubin granules, 10 cytologically, or if a mucocele was found in any other location except the gallbladder 19 . Lack of these findings was considered to be nonperforated cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values

Wilson

Powers

Grasperge

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The absence of hyperbilirubinemia can lead to decreased suspicion of biliary rupture in dogs. This delay of suspicion and treatment can result in increased mortality rates. The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to describe ultrasound and serum bilirubin findings in a group of dogs with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of suspected biliary rupture. The records of a single institution were searched over the period of 2007‐2019 for cases having ultrasound reports describing suspicion of biliary rupture. Clinical findings for each of the cases were recorded. A total of 35 dogs met inclusion criteria and, of these, 30 dogs had confirmed ruptured biliary tracts. It was found that 40% (12/30) of dogs with confirmed ruptured biliary tracts had a serum bilirubin values within the normal reference range. No statistical difference was found in serum bilirubin values between the ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were found to be statistically significant between ruptured and nonruptured biliary tracts. Mucinous material, similar to “white bile” found in human literature, was found within the peritoneal effusion of six dogs with biliary rupture, three of which also lacked bile pigment. Findings from this study indicated that normobilirubinemia may be present in some dogs with biliary rupture, and therefore should not be used as a reason for excluding this differential diagnosis.

show abstract

Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have characteristic ultrasonographic features and extensive migratory capacity in dogs

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele

Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele

CT attenuation values and mineral distribution can be used to differentiate dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles

Dogs with biliary rupture based on ultrasound findings may have normal total serum bilirubin values

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About