Extrusions and intrusions in fatigued metals. Part 2. AFM and EBSD study of the early growth of extrusions and intrusions in 316L steel fatigued at room temperature

Man, Jiří; Klapetek, Petr; Man, Ondřej; Weidner, Anja; Obrtlík, Karel; Polák, Jaroslav

doi:10.1080/14786430902917624

Cited by 79 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…PSBs emerging at the specimen surface cause so-called persistent slip markings (PSMs) forming a pronounced surface relief composed of extrusions and intrusions [97,98], which are preferred locations for crack initiation. Two different approaches were pursued in the literature investigating the influence of PSBs/PSMs on the crack initiation and propagation [99,100]: (i) development of extrusion/intrusion profile in dependence on the number of cycles [101] and (ii) determination of the half-cycle slip activity of PSB. Schwab et al [84] as well as Hollmann [85] performed half-cycle experiments on nickel single crystals at room temperature [81] and low temperatures [85] in order to study the slip activity of PSBs.…”

Section: Ecci and The Slip Activity Of Psbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

Weidner

Biermann

2015

Philosophical Magazine

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In 1967, Coates discovered the electron channelling contrast of backscattered electrons (BSEs) in scanning electron microscopy, and by this the possibility to investigate arrangements of lattice defects in deformed microstructures of materials. Since that time, a straightforward development of the scanning electron microscopes as well as of the electron channelling contrast technique took place. Nowadays, the performance of scanning electron microscopes is high enough that the resolution of electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) micrographs is comparable with conventional bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. In the first part of the present paper, a historical review on the development of the ECCI technique starting from its discovery more than 45 years ago up to the combination with other advanced methods of scanning electron microscopy like electron backscatter diffraction or high-resolution selected area channelling patterning in the last few years is given. Major important investigations using this technique for the visualization of individual lattice defects like stacking faults (SFs) and dislocations or dislocation arrangements are chronologically summarized. The second part demonstrates that nowadays, ECCI micrographs taken in high-resolution scanning electron microscopes can be called high-resolution ECCI (HR-ECCI). It is shown that the resolution of individual SFs and dislocations in the HR-ECCI micrographs is comparable to that of conventional TEM (about 15 nm defect image width). Furthermore, the paper is demonstrating that HR-ECCI micrographs can be obtained for various types of materials after different mechanical loadings and different grain sizes ranging from large grain size of 500 μm (cast steel) down to less than 2 μm (γ-TiAl).

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Section: Ecci and The Slip Activity Of Psbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

Weidner

Biermann

2015

Philosophical Magazine

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“…There is a possibility that both mechanism act in a parallel way. However, recent statistical data on the frequency distribution of different types of PSMs in polycrystalline 316L steel [28] show that PSMs develop during cycling from a simple extrusion to an extrusion accompanied by one and finally by two parallel intrusions. In case a crack is formed at one side of the extrusion due to stress concentration and starts growing, there is no reason why another crack should be formed later on the other side of the extrusion as often observed experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The shape of extrusions and intrusions and initiation of stage I fatigue cracks

Polák

Man

Vystavel

et al. 2009

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…A similar mechanism of deformation has been described in [7] in the study of cyclic deformation. Bands formed during fatigue testing of materials are called persistent slip bands (PSB).…”

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confidence: 83%

“…It is becoming more or less rounded, and, at the top, there are some roughness [9]. Bands of intrusion are considered as a special case of shear tracks with active plastic deformation [7]. In this paper, the authors described the similar nature of the formation of structural elements of the strain relief of various types.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In this paper, it is also noted that the PSBs are formed from a plurality of parallel lines slip, and intrusions grow in the direction of the active slip plane. There are reports that at an early stage an extrusion has a triangular profile and a smooth surface [7][8]. With further loading, the triangular shape is lost and an extrusion profile acquires a more complex shape.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The formation of a quasi-periodic surface profile by means of dislocation slip

Alfyorova

Лычагин

Soprunov

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. This work presents the experimental results concerning the research of the morphology of the face-centered cubic (FCC) single crystals surface after compression deformation. Our aim is to identify the method of forming a quasiperiodic profile of single crystals with different crystal geometrical orientation. A set of modern methods as optical and confocal microscopy is applied. It is done to determine the morphology of surface parameters. The results show that the octahedral slip is an integral part of the formation of quasiperiodic profile surface and is starting with the initial strain. We present values of shear quantity directly in shear traces, meso-and macrobands and in shear tracks shift within them. The similarity of the process of surface profile forming at different levels of scale is given. Finally, we suppose that octahedral slip is the main way to form quasiperiodic deformation relief. We compare our results to published data and identify common regularities for various metal FCC single crystals with different deformation methods. The experimental results presented can be used for mathematical modeling of plastic deformation. IntroductionChanges in topology of solid surface after deformation are of interest to researchers from various branches of science for many years. The experimental data and results of mathematical models indicate that folding, wrinkling, extrusion and intrusion, checkerboard distribution regions, etc. are frequent and appear in a variety of load conditions. This process is typical for the poly-and single crystals, the folds can be observed in geology and metal forming. Folding being manifested in different ways of deformation, it has various manifestations and can be initiated as a slip and twinning.The results of finite element modeling of the emergence of roughness during plastic deformation of polycrystalline aluminum are given in article [1]. Results showed that texture samples and the direction of strain influence the formation of roughness. There are "ribbed ridging profiles" and the surface of the "orange peel shape". The paper also indicates that the Taylor factor affects the type of roughness. Article [2] represents the experimental data which show that the size and orientation of the grain influence roughness during plastic deformation. The results were obtained by the example of polycrystalline aluminum alloys. In all cases, there is a quasi-periodic surface profile after the deformation.The series of works by Gubernatorov V.V. with colleagues had called the reason for corrugating surface distortion of the material layers. They also show that the corrugation may be formed in a structurally homogeneous material (single crystal), that is, availability of basic stress concentrators is

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Extrusions and intrusions in fatigued metals. Part 2. AFM and EBSD study of the early growth of extrusions and intrusions in 316L steel fatigued at room temperature

Cited by 79 publications

References 67 publications

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

The shape of extrusions and intrusions and initiation of stage I fatigue cracks

The formation of a quasi-periodic surface profile by means of dislocation slip

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