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Background: Around 30% of non-exudative macular neovascularizations(NE-MNVs) exudate within 2 years from diagnosis in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).The aim of the study is to develop a deep learning classifier based on optical coherence tomography(OCT) and OCT angiography(OCTA) to identify NE-MNVs at risk of exudation. Methods: AMD patients showing OCTA and fluorescein angiography (FA) documented NE-MNV with a 2-years minimum imaging follow-up were retrospectively selected. Patients showing OCT B-scan-documented MNV exudation within the first 2 years formed the EX-GROUP while the others formed QU-GROUP.ResNet-101, Inception-ResNet-v2 and DenseNet-201 were independently trained on OCTA and OCT B-scan images. Combinations of the 6 models were evaluated with major and soft voting techniques. Results: Eighty-nine (89) eyes of 89 patients with a follow-up of 5.7 ± 1.5 years were recruited(35 EX GROUP and 54 QU GROUP). Inception-ResNet-v2 was the best performing among the 3 single convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The major voting model resulting from the association of the 3 different CNNs resulted in improvement of performance both for OCTA and OCT B-scan (both significantly higher than human graders’ performance). Soft voting model resulting from the combination of OCTA and OCT B-scan based major voting models showed a testing accuracy of 94.4%. Peripheral arcades and large vessels on OCTA enface imaging were more prevalent in QU GROUP. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence shows high performances in identifications of NE-MNVs at risk for exudation within the first 2 years of follow up, allowing better customization of follow up timing and avoiding treatment delay. Better results are obtained with the combination of OCTA and OCT B-scan image analysis.
Background: Around 30% of non-exudative macular neovascularizations(NE-MNVs) exudate within 2 years from diagnosis in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).The aim of the study is to develop a deep learning classifier based on optical coherence tomography(OCT) and OCT angiography(OCTA) to identify NE-MNVs at risk of exudation. Methods: AMD patients showing OCTA and fluorescein angiography (FA) documented NE-MNV with a 2-years minimum imaging follow-up were retrospectively selected. Patients showing OCT B-scan-documented MNV exudation within the first 2 years formed the EX-GROUP while the others formed QU-GROUP.ResNet-101, Inception-ResNet-v2 and DenseNet-201 were independently trained on OCTA and OCT B-scan images. Combinations of the 6 models were evaluated with major and soft voting techniques. Results: Eighty-nine (89) eyes of 89 patients with a follow-up of 5.7 ± 1.5 years were recruited(35 EX GROUP and 54 QU GROUP). Inception-ResNet-v2 was the best performing among the 3 single convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The major voting model resulting from the association of the 3 different CNNs resulted in improvement of performance both for OCTA and OCT B-scan (both significantly higher than human graders’ performance). Soft voting model resulting from the combination of OCTA and OCT B-scan based major voting models showed a testing accuracy of 94.4%. Peripheral arcades and large vessels on OCTA enface imaging were more prevalent in QU GROUP. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence shows high performances in identifications of NE-MNVs at risk for exudation within the first 2 years of follow up, allowing better customization of follow up timing and avoiding treatment delay. Better results are obtained with the combination of OCTA and OCT B-scan image analysis.
Purpose: To assess differences in choriocapillaris(CC) and macular neovascularization(MNV) optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)quantitative parameters between long-term persistently non-exudative MNVs(NE-MNVs)and long-term activated NE-MNVs in age-related macular degeneration(AMD) Materials and Methods: AMD patients with treatment-naïve NE-MNVs with >2 years follow-up and no evidence of exudation within the first 6-months from diagnosis were retrospectively recruited.Two groups were considered according to the occurrence(EX-GROUP) or not(NE-GROUP) of exudation within the first 2 years of follow-up.Segmentation of the MNV and of the perilesional CC were obtained from enface OCTA acquisitions at diagnosis and 6-months follow-up.OCT B-scan images of the MNV were also collected.Fractal ratio was defined as the ratio between MNV fractal dimension(FrD) and CC-FrD. Results: Fifty(50) eyes were included(20 EX-GROUP and 30 NE-GROUP).EX-GROUP showed higher flow deficit density(FDD) and flow deficit number(FDN) at 6-months follow-up.It also showed higher MNV FrD,lower CC-FrD and higher Fractal Ratio at 6-months follow-up.Fractal ratio significantly increased at 6-months acquisitions in EX-GROUP,showing an Area under the ROC curves(AUROC)of 0.887(CI 0.869-0.922). Conclusions: Fractal ratio at 6-months can predict exudation risk of MNV within 2 years from diagnosis.This suggests increased structural complexity of the NE-MNV accompanied by progressive capillary rarefaction of the perilesional CC as a key driving factor for development of exudation in NE-MNV.
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