Exudative Type 3 Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient

Abstract

We describe a 7-year-old girl who developed exudation nasally to the right optic disc due to retinal arteriovenous malformation. Fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed. We give an overview of the different imaging techniques and discuss the differential diagnosis. Since there was no visual impairment, no treatment was started. A spontaneous decrease in edema and exudation was noted after 6 months.

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma With Optic Neuropathy in a Child

“…In RRH, dilated tortuous vessels were only visible in the more superficial retinal layers with the absence of any pigmented changes. These findings of RRH in OCT-A proved to be reproducible in all reported cases [ 3 , 11 , 12 ]. Hence, OCT-A may be an alternative imaging modality in exchange for FFA as it can define the depth of the lesion, is of high resolution, and permits easy follow-up of the lesions during treatment, without the risk, although rare, of anaphylaxis due to intravenous fluorescein used in FFA, especially when dealing with younger age group [ 13 ].…”

“…Retinal AVM is commonly observed in patients with a mean age of 25.6 years [2]. Only two cases of childhood RRH were ever reported [3,4] Diminished vision in RRH is uncommon. It is rare for optic neuropathy to be observed in RRH and, to our knowledge, no case has been reported in a child.…”

“…Retinal AVM is commonly observed in patients with a mean age of 25.6 years [ 2 ]. Only two cases of childhood RRH were ever reported [ 3 , 4 ]…”