“…Contrary to this expectation, research on the relation between the presence of creative models and observers' creativity has yielded rather mixed and inconclusive results (see Amabile, 1996, for a review). On the one hand, some studies have demonstrated that the presence of creative models led observers to exhibit relatively high levels of creativity themselves (e.g., Bloom & Sosniak, 1981;Gary & Glover, 1975;Mueller, 1978;Zuckerman, 1977). On the other hand, some studies have shown that the presence of creative models had no positive effects on observers' creativity and may even lead the observers to exhibit relatively low levels of creativity (e.g., Halpin, Halpin, Miller, & Landreneau, 1979;Zimmerman & Dialessi, 1973).…”