Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers

Coulter, Rachel; Bade, Annette; Tea, Yin C.; Fecho, Gregory; Amster, Deborah; Jenewein, Erin; Rodena, Jacqueline; Lyons, Kara K.; Mitchell, G. Lynn; Quint, Nicole; Dunbar, Sandra B.; Ricamato, Michele; Trocchio, Jennie S.; Kabat, Bonnie; Garcia, Chantel; Radik, Irina

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000442

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We sought help from the teachers or parents whenever required to successfully complete the assessment in some of the children. Our finding is in accordance with a study done by Coulter et al 12 in determining the testability of vision tests in children with autism. We agree with their view that children with ID can perform most of the vision tests if appropriate visual, communicative and sensory supports are incorporated in the testing protocol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Burden of ocular and visual disorders among pupils in special schools in Nepal

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Burden of ocular and visual disorders among pupils in special schools in Nepal

et al. 2015

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“…A video illustrating the test also helped to prepare individuals for their involvement. The high success rates found in this study support the recent work of Coulter et al (2015) who report that with appropriate preparation individuals with ASD can successfully participate with vision assessments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Brief Report: Vision in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Should Clinicians Expect?

Anketell

Saunders

Gallagher

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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Anomalous visual processing has been described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but relatively few studies have profiled visual acuity (VA) in this population. The present study describes presenting VA in children with ASD (n = 113) compared to typically developing controls (n = 206) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in a sub-group of children with ASD (n = 29). There was no statistically significant difference in presenting VA between groups (z = -1.75, p = 0.08); ASD group median VA (interquartile range, IQR) -0.05 logMAR (IQR: -0.125 to 0.025 logMAR) and typically developing control group -0.075 logMAR (IQR: -0.150 to -0.025 logMAR). Median BCVA was -0.175 logMAR (IQR: -0.200 to -0.125 logMAR) for the ASD sub-group. Clinicians should not anticipate reduced VA when assessing children with ASD.

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“…Having straightforward written information about what occurs during an eye test, and offering the opportunity for open days and familiarisation visits at quiet times can help prepare the individual and family. Coulter et al reported strategies to encourage good testability of vision in ASD, highlighting that quiet‐time appointments, consistency of clinicians, and preparation using social stories help prepare the child for vision tests promoting a positive experience. However, every individual with ASD is different, and it is important to develop a flexible approach to best support their needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

Little

2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition with approximately 1-2 per cent prevalence in the population. The condition has lifelong effects for the individual and family, and early intervention and management helps maximise quality of life and outcomes. Many studies of vision in ASD have attempted to link the behavioural and sensory deficits in ASD with underlying visual processing. From this work, it is clear that individuals with ASD 'see' and process the world differently, but there remain gaps in our understanding. This review will summarise our current knowledge of key aspects of visual functions and the optometric profile of ASD. This includes findings regarding visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, refractive error, eye movements, binocular vision, near visual functions and retinal structure in ASD. From this, a pattern of knowledge emerges for children with ASD: we should expect normal visual acuity; there will likely be atypical eye movements and susceptibility for subtle visuo-motor deficits, there is an increased prevalence of strabismus; an increased likelihood of astigmatism and possibly other refractive errors; attention, crowding and task complexity will likely be problematic; and retinal structure and function may be compromised. Bringing this together, these findings highlight that further work is necessary, not only to understand how higher-level functions link to behaviours, but also to ensure there is a sound understanding of the building-blocks of vision to fully grasp the profile of visual processing as a whole in ASD. This review will give a translational viewpoint for clinicians, and underline the benefits of comprehensive vision care in ASD.

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Eye Examination Testability in Children with Autism and in Typical Peers

Abstract: Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Burden of ocular and visual disorders among pupils in special schools in Nepal

Burden of ocular and visual disorders among pupils in special schools in Nepal

Brief Report: Vision in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Should Clinicians Expect?

Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review

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