Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children

Zhong, Lin; Vasudevan, Balamurali; Fang, Su Jie; Jhanji, Vishal; Mao, Guang Yun; Han, Wei; Gao, Tie Ying; Ciuffreda, Kenneth J.; Liang, Yuan Bo

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1289-4

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Search results and study features Figure 1 outlines the study selection process in a PRISMA-sanctioned flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Initial search resulted in 60 citations, followed by a series of omissions that eventually yielded eight articles for inclusion [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Characteristics of the included studies Table 1 shows the year span of the included articles (2011-2019) and ethnic composition, Chinese (n = 6) and Indian (n = 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig shows the PRO forest plot, non-significant (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.48-1.49, P a = 0.55) and heterogeneous (P b < 10 -5 , I 2 = 94%). The Galbraith plot identifies five studies in three articles [50][51][52] as the sources of heterogeneity (outliers), located above and below the +2 and -2 confidence limits ( Fig 5). In Fig 6, the PSO outcome (outliers omitted) shows eliminated heterogeneity (P b = 0.95, I 2 = 0%); greater myopia control (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.86) and escalated significance (P a = 0.0002).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Outlier Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the perspective of traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi is stimulated in meridians by massaging the acupoints, thus relieving eye strain [48]. By far, performing CEE was found to have a modest protective effect against myopia [52]. In contrast, non-performance of CEE was found to increase the risk for myopia [53].…”

Section: Cee and Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpreting our findings should consider its limitations and strengths. Limitations include: (i) Given the greater reliance on RCTs over xs studies [52,49] limits our meta-analysis findings because xs data preclude direct evidence on the association between CEE and myopia [52].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Chinese eye exercises on myopia control in an East Asian population: a meta-analysis

Sangvatanakul

Tangthianchaichana

Tasanarong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective: The rates of myopia (−0.50 diopter), and high myopia (≥ −6.0 diopter) have been increasing in East Asian populations; the reasons for which may include the combinations of genetic, environment and behavioural factors. The most affected demography point to the young elite population of intellectuals produced from universities. Of the several recommendations to address the myopia epidemic, the influence of Chinese eye exercises (CEE) have been examined. However, reports have been inconsistent, prompting a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. Methods: Eight articles were included in the meta-analysis where we operated on the hypothesis that CEE either increased or reduced myopia control. We compared the subjects that performed CEE against those that did not. We used and estimated odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the generic inverse variance method. Subgroup analysis involved quality (high/serious and low/non-serious) and frequency (> 5 times/week) of performing CEE comprised. Heterogeneity was subjected to outlier treatment which split the findings into pre- (PRO) and post- (PSO) outlier. The strength of evidence in our findings were based on high significance (Pa < 10-5), surviving the Bonferroni correction and homogeneity (I2 = 0%). Outcomes with these features comprised our core findings. Results: Our core findings were found in the PSO overall indicating elevated myopia control (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.86, Pa = 0.0002) and CEE subgroups (Serious: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.84, Pa < 10-5; Frequent: OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45-0.68, Pa < 10-5). The low quality subgroup outcome was null in PRO (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.50-1.86, Pa = 0.92) but conveyed significantly less myopia control in PSO (OR1.57, 95% CI 1.24-2.01, Pa = 0.0002). Conclusions: This meta-analysis found that CEE afforded 28% greater control of myopia. Enabled by outlier treatment, this finding was homogeneous and consistent. Subgroup effects elevated myopia control to 62% when CEE was done up to 5 times a week. Improper CEE performance implied reduced myopia control of up to 57%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Outlier Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cee and Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Chinese eye exercises on myopia control in an East Asian population: a meta-analysis

Sangvatanakul

Tangthianchaichana

Tasanarong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Acupoint stimulation is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy that can regulate whole body function to achieve a therapeutic effect. Chinese eye exercises have been performed by school children in China as an "acupoint pressing" intervention for the purpose of reducing ocular fatigue and preventing myopia for around 60 years, but the e cacy is still a matter of debate [8][9][10]. Acupuncture, as a promising acupoint stimulation measure, has long been used in ophthalmology diseases [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops Combined with Auricular Acupoint Stimulation on Myopia Progression and Choroidal Thickness: The Preliminary Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Kong¹,

Zhao²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Use of 0.01% atropine eye drops (0.01%A) is one of the most common treatments for myopia control for children in Asia. Auricular acupoint stimulation (AAS) was reported to enhance the effect of higher-concentration atropine (0.25%, 0.125%) on myopia control. This study was designed to compare the effect of 0.01%A combined with AAS and 0.01%A alone on myopia progression and choroidal thickness in children.Methods: A total of 104 children were stratified by age and randomly assigned at 1:1 to receive 0.01%A or 0.01%A+AAS treatment for 6 months. Repeated measurements of cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) autorefraction, axial length (AL), and choroidal thickness were performed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months.Results: The adjusted mean SE change over the 6 months was −0.38 ± 0.04 D in the 0.01%A group (n = 50) and −0.25 ± 0.04 D in the 0.01%A+AAS group (n = 50), demonstrating a significant between-group difference (P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the change of AL or choroidal thickness between the two groups (both P > 0.05).Conclusion: Compared with 0.01%A monotherapy, AAS as adjunctive treatment slowed myopic progression in Chinese children by a small, statistically amount during this 6-month observation. Future follow-up study is needed to verify its effects on axial elongation or choroidal thickness.Trial registration: Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900021316. Registered 13 February 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=35435

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School-Based Myopia Prevention Effort—Reply

Morgan

2016

JAMA

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Time spent outdoors is well recognized as a factor preventing the development of myopia onset, and measures including adding an outdoor class, locking classroom doors during class recess, or glassed roof and walls incorporated in a classroom have been developed. But promotion to increase time spent outdoors as a school-based intervention program remains challenging especially in East Asia. • Near work activity has been suggested as a risk factor for myopia although the evidence is not entirely consistent. The total duration of near work activity may not be as important as the type of near work activity. Core techniques to implementing interventions of near work activities include effective measures of near work-related parameters, real-time data analyses, and alert systems.

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Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of Chinese eye exercises on myopia control in an East Asian population: a meta-analysis

Influence of Chinese eye exercises on myopia control in an East Asian population: a meta-analysis

The Effect of 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops Combined with Auricular Acupoint Stimulation on Myopia Progression and Choroidal Thickness: The Preliminary Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

School-Based Myopia Prevention Effort—Reply

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