Eye gaze behavior during affective picture viewing: Effects of motivational significance, gender, age, and repeated exposure

Gomez, Patrick; Gunten, Armin von; Danuser, Brigitta

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.06.001

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Importantly, the observed pattern of restricted scanpaths was not modulated by the emotional expression of the facial images, suggesting that it was not specific for threatening expressions. In fact, longer scanpaths to negative emotions (anger and fear) compared to positive (happiness) were observed in both groups, replicating previous findings in healthy populations (Gomez, Von Gunten, & Danuser, 2019;Green et al, 2003). Our results therefore suggest that children and adolescent process a broad range of stimuli atypically.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Restricted visual scanpaths during emotion recognition in childhood social anxiety disorder

Kleberg¹,

Löwenberg²,

Lau³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has its typical onset in childhood and adolescence. Maladaptive processing of social information may contribute to the etiology and maintenance. During face perception, individuals extract information with a succession of visual fixations known as a scanpath. Atypically long scanpaths have been reported in adults with SAD, but no data exists from pediatric samples. SAD has also been linked to atypical arousal. Both metrics were examined in one of the largest eye-tracking studies of pediatric SAD to dateMethods: Children and adolescents with SAD (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 39) completed an emotion recognition task. The visual scanpath and pupil dilation (an indirect index of arousal) were examined. The analysis plan was preregistered.Results: Youth with SAD showed restricted scanpaths, a finding supported by both frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Higher pupil dilation was also observed in the SAD group, but despite a statistically significant group difference, this result was not supported by the Bayesian analysis.Conclusions: Findings are contrary to findings from adult studies, but similar to what has been reported in neurodevelopmental conditions associated with social interaction impairments. Restricted scanpaths may disrupt holistic representation of faces known to favor adaptive social understanding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Longer scanpaths are associated with task difficulty and complexity (Barton, Radcliffe, Cherkasova, Edelman, & Intriligator, 2006;Gomez et al, 2019). The fact that longer scanpaths were observed in the control group could therefore reflect task difficulty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Restricted visual scanpaths during emotion recognition in childhood social anxiety disorder

Kleberg¹,

Löwenberg²,

Lau³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Importantly, the observed pattern of restricted scanpaths in SAD was not modulated by the emotional expression of the facial images. In fact, longer scanpaths to negative emotions (anger and fear) compared to positive (happiness) were observed in both groups, replicating previous findings in healthy populations (25,62). It is possible that smiling faces with direct gaze may be interpreted as threatening by individuals with SAD, since they signal possible social evaluation (12,13,63).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The observed pattern of restricted scanpaths may also reflect patients with SAD needing less information than healthy individuals to identify facial expressions as emotional. Longer scanpaths are associated with task difficulty and complexity (24,62). The fact that longer scanpaths were observed in the control group could therefore reflect task difficulty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Restricted Visual Scanpaths During Emotion Recognition in Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has its typical onset in childhood and adolescence. Maladaptive processing of social information may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of SAD. During face perception, individuals execute a succession of visual fixations known as a scanpath which facilitates information processing. Atypically long scanpaths have been reported in adults with SAD, but no data exists from pediatric samples. SAD has also been linked to atypical arousal during face perception. Both metrics were examined in one of the largest eye-tracking studies of pediatric SAD to date.Methods: Participants were children and adolescents with SAD (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 39) with a mean age of 14 years (range 10–17) who completed an emotion recognition task. The visual scanpath and pupil dilation (an indirect index of arousal) were examined using eye tracking.Results: Scanpaths of youth with SAD were shorter, less distributed, and consisted of a smaller number of fixations than those of healthy controls. These findings were supported by both frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Higher pupil dilation was also observed in the SAD group, but despite a statistically significant group difference, this result was not supported by the Bayesian analysis.Conclusions: The results were contrary to findings from adult studies, but similar to what has been reported in neurodevelopmental conditions associated with social interaction impairments. Restricted scanpaths may disrupt holistic representation of faces known to favor adaptive social understanding.

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“…Data presented here were collected as part of a larger study on psychophysiological responses to affective pictures that included cardiovascular, respiratory, electrodermal, pupillary, and eye‐gaze variables. The results for these measures are reported in (Gomez, Filippou, Pais, von Gunten & Danuser ; Gomez, von Gunten & Danuser ; Gomez, von Gunten & Danuser ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing images: The role of motivational significance, complexity, social content, age, and gender

Gomez

Gunten

Danuser

2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Memory for affective events plays an important role in determining people’s behavior and well‐being. Its determinants are far from being completely understood. We investigated how recognition memory for affective pictures depends on pictures’ motivational significance (valence and arousal), complexity (figure‐ground compositions vs. scenes), and social content (pictures with people vs. without people) and on observers’ age and gender. Younger, middle‐aged, and older adults viewed 84 pictures depicting real‐life situations. After a break, the participants viewed 72 pictures, half of which had been viewed previously and half of which were novel, and were asked to endorse whether each picture was novel or had been presented previously. Hits, false alarms, and overall performance (discrimination accuracy) were our dependent variables. The main findings were that, across participants, recognition memory was better for unpleasant than pleasant pictures and for pictures depicting people than pictures without people. Low‐arousal pictures were more accurately recognized than high‐arousal pictures, and this effect was significantly larger among middle‐aged and older adults than younger adults. Recognition memory worsened across adulthood, and this decline was steeper among men than women. Middle‐aged and older women outperformed their male counterparts. This study suggests that how well we are able to successfully discriminate previously seen pictorial stimuli from novel stimuli depends on several pictures’ properties related to their motivational significance and content, and on observer’s age and gender.

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Eye gaze behavior during affective picture viewing: Effects of motivational significance, gender, age, and repeated exposure

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

Restricted visual scanpaths during emotion recognition in childhood social anxiety disorder

Restricted visual scanpaths during emotion recognition in childhood social anxiety disorder

Restricted Visual Scanpaths During Emotion Recognition in Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder

Recognizing images: The role of motivational significance, complexity, social content, age, and gender

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