Eye Lines: Generating data through image manipulation, issues in interface design, and the teaching of experimental thinking

Beagley, Walter K.

doi:10.3758/bf03204521

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A Positivo laptop was used (Intel ® Celeron ® , Dual-Core) 15′′ 1,366 × 768 LCD monitor for data collection. Visual stimuli were developed in the Eye Lines software™ ( Beagley, 1993 ). Three geometric illusions (the Vertical-Horizontal, the Brentano version of the Müller Lyer and the Ponzo illusion) and their respective neutral (non-illusory) images were presented to the volunteers in black, in the center of the monitor screen on a white background.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each figure presented, only one of the straight-line segments could be adjusted. The adjustable straight-line segment was predetermined by the examiner when the images where prepared in the Eye Lines software™ ( Beagley, 1993 ). For each figure presented, the straight-line segment located in the vertical or horizontal direction could be adjusted, as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Geometric Illusory Visual Perception – A New Perspective in the Functional Evaluation of Children With Strabismus

Rohr

Isaac

Lima

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Despite the various perceptual-motor deficits documented in strabismus, there is a paucity of studies evaluating visual illusions in patients with strabismus. The aim of this study was to examine how the illusionary perception occurs in children/adolescents (10–15 years old) with strabismus with referral for surgery to correct ocular deviations. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out in which 45 participants with strabismus and 62 healthy volunteers aged 10–15 years were evaluated. The behavioral response to three geometric illusions [Vertical-Horizontal illusion, Müller-Lyer illusion (Bretano version) and Ponzo illusion] and respective neutral stimuli (non-illusory images) regarding the estimation of image size and response time were measured using the Method of Adjustment. To analyze the influence of secondary factors: type of ocular deviation (convergent, divergent or associated with vertical deviation); amount of eye deviation; presence of amblyopia and stereopsis, a one-way ANOVA was performed. Among the tested illusions, children with strabismus showed greater susceptibility (p = 0.006) and response time (p = 0.004) to Ponzo’s illusory images. Children with strabismus and preserved stereopsis, on the other hand, showed similar susceptibility and response time to control group patients to the Ponzo illusion (p < 0.005). Patients with amblyopia showed overcorrection in the estimate of non-illusory Ponzo images (p = 0.046). Children with horizontal ocular deviation (esotropia or exotropia) associated with vertical deviation (hypertropia, DVD and/or alphabetical anisotropy) showed higher susceptibility to vertical adjustment images for the Müller-Lyer illusion (Brentano version) (p = 0.017). Individuals with strabismus tended to overcorrect the length of the straight-line segment adjusted for non-illusory images when testing non-illusory images in the Müller-Lyer test (Brentano version) (p = 0.009), as well as for the neutral images in the Vertical-Horizontal test (p = 0.000). The findings indicated impairment in the perception of geometric illusions and neutral figures, especially for the Ponzo illusion test by children with strabismus. As the behavioral response to illusory images may indirectly reflect the visual and morphofunctional alterations present in these individuals, we suggest that the investigation of visual illusory perception can be used as a new research strategy in the field of investigating the visual function in strabismus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Geometric Illusory Visual Perception – A New Perspective in the Functional Evaluation of Children With Strabismus

Rohr

Isaac

Lima

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The user specifies a line on the spreadsheet, and then the corresponding line in the display blinks on and off. More detailed descriptions of the various features of Eye Lines can be found in Beagley (1993).…”

Section: The Eye Lines Software and Stereoscopic Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating stereoscopic displays with Eye Lines: Applications in instruction and research

Wurst

1994

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Eye Lines, a set of software programs for designing and running experiments using the method of adjustment, was used to generate stereoscopic stimuli. To increase the understanding of stereopsis in undergraduate instruction, students created stereograms by using Eye Lines and also viewed an Eye Lines-generated anaglyph of a Necker cube. By adjusting the amount of disparity in the anaglyph, the students noted the corresponding percept changes. The potential applications of Eye Lines to research on stereoscopic versions of illusions and on cue competition are discussed.

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“…It loads data into a multidimensional matrix and presents the user with an interactive configuration map. This interface, originally developed for use with a proprietary format (Beagley, 1993), can be used to specify any possible spreadsheet configuration. Although existing statistical packages may allow some reconfiguration (e.g., Sall & Lehman, 1996, p. 34), EL Knife supports a wider range of functions with a simpler interface.…”

Section: El Knife: a Spreadsheet Utility For Reconfiguring Multidimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why we need more psychology programmers/ EL Knife, a data utility for transforming spreadsheets

Beagley

2001

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Software can be a curse. Like most people, I often feel guilty about all the software that sits idle in the box or on my hard drive because I have not yet had time to learn to use it. Even within the specialized area of psychology, there has been a lot of software development.Much of this has been described in Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers or can be found in on-line software directories such as CTI Psychology (Hammond & Trapp, 1991; www.psychology.ltsn.ac.uk/ ). So it comes as a surprise to me that I am going to argue that we need more software and more people writing it, especially more psychologists. The greatest need is software for research.There are two reasons why we need more programmers. The first is to ensure the continued health and growth of psychology. Any research field that fails to improve and invent new tools will not be able to recruit the best young minds and will eventually dry up. The second reason has to do with giving individualsthe greatest possible control of their own intellectual and professional lives. Researchers need to acquire at least journeyman-levelprogramming skills so that their careers will not be limited by the bounds of somebody else's imagination. What I am suggesting is that we need both: more people who publish software for general use and more people who can write their own software. Let us consider some objections to this thesis.Objection 1. Software creation should be left to wellfunded companies that can afford to develop and maintain quality products. It is true that a large company, employing a full time team of software developers, can produce a more professional looking product than a lone psychology professor working over summer break. The problem is that software is expensive to develop and the market is too small (Schneider, 1991). Large software companies can find other, more lucrative opportunities for their money and talent. As a result, most psychology research software has been written by individuals and small companies with limited resources. This means that development for psychology is slower than in the commercial mainstream and lags behind changes in hardware and operating systems.If large companies will not spend the money and small companies do not have it to spend, what can we do? Well, here is what we have done. First, we have relied on software that was written for a broader market. There is excellent software available for electronic instrumentation, digital imaging, and statistical analysis, because these functions are needed by scientists in all fields. Second, companies making software specifically for psychology research have survived by selling to the education market. Almost all of the research software packages for sale now have sets of experiments for use in undergraduate laboratory courses because, although still small, this market is much larger than that for pure research. This trend is good because it supports software that could not exist otherwise and it trains students on professional tools that they can cont...

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Eye Lines: Generating data through image manipulation, issues in interface design, and the teaching of experimental thinking

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Study of Geometric Illusory Visual Perception – A New Perspective in the Functional Evaluation of Children With Strabismus

Study of Geometric Illusory Visual Perception – A New Perspective in the Functional Evaluation of Children With Strabismus

Generating stereoscopic displays with Eye Lines: Applications in instruction and research

Why we need more psychology programmers/ EL Knife, a data utility for transforming spreadsheets

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