Eye motion increases temporal visual field extent

Abstract

Purpose To study the impact of eye motion on visual field extent. Methods Visual fields were tested in 15 healthy volunteers with the Goldmann perimeter using a V4 test‐object, from seen to unseen, first in primary position of gaze, then allowing eye motion. Temporal points falling out of the cupola were tested again after a controlled nasal head rotation using a headband prototype fitted with a line‐laser level having two orthogonal vial levels. Visual field surface areas (cm2) were calculated as projections on a 30 cm virtual Goldmann cupola whose extent would have been large enough to include all points. Reproducibility error of the method assessed by calculation of the relative difference between surface areas of 12 visual field tests and 12 visual field retests was estimated at 14%. Hertel exophthalmometry was recorded to study the influence of globe position on visual field extent. Results Binocular visual field surface area increased by 37% with eye motion (p‐value = 1.20.10‐9). This increase was highest (46%; p‐value = 1.2.10‐24) in the temporal quadrant. Median maximal visual field temporal excentration with eye motion was 128.3° (minimum: 109.5°; maximum: 137.7°) and more than 135° in 4 eyes of three subjects. Hertel exophthalmometry was positively linked to visual field temporal surface area with eye motion (p‐value = 0.013). Conclusion Eye motion greatly expands the temporal visual field. This peculiarity is likely an adaptation to terrestrial life with upright bipedal locomotion, and may save head movements through horizontal eyeball scanning.

The Monocular Duke of Urbino

“…The eyebrow arches superiorly and the nose nasally, which can be associated with some changes that appear to fall within reproducibility. 10 Phan et al 11 evaluated Humphrey visual fields (30–2 and 60–4 programs, in primary gaze and with abduction of the tested eye) in 43 subjects, including normal volunteers and glaucoma patients. They reported that abduction of the eye results in a significantly increased sensitivity in four points along the inferonasal border of the 60–4 field, which measures as 60° from fxation.…”

“…The EMVF is reported to increase the temporal visual field by 37% and is thought to be an adaptation to allow the biped to see more peripherally with less head turning. 10 Corresponding studies for the nasal field have not been reported, but the nose may act analogous to thick temporal frames and wide solid eyeglass arms. It has been reported that the EVMF surface area can be affected by thick eyeglass frames when they are compared to thin eyeglass frames (or no eyeglass frames).…”

Ontogenia de las órbitas en Pan troglodytes: implicancias estructurales, funcionales y evolutivas

“…Otras medidas funcionales o adaptativas de la órbita son el ángulo de apertura lateral (o retracción del margen orbital externo) y el índice circumorbital (relación del ancho con respecto a la altura de la abertura orbital 311 externa). Un aumento de cualquiera de ambas medidas implica una ampliación del campo visual lateral al mover el ojo (eye motion visual field), aunque no de la estereoscopía (Denion, 2014). En los primates, el índice circumorbital tiende a 1 debido a que presentan órbitas circulares o cuadrangulares (Kobayashi, 2001).…”

“…En los primates, el índice circumorbital tiende a 1 debido a que presentan órbitas circulares o cuadrangulares (Kobayashi, 2001). Diversos estudios miden dichas variables sobre, o con respecto a, el plano neuroorbital (plano que intersecta los forámenes orbitales y los puntos medios entre el supra e infra-orbital de cada órbita [Denion, 2014[Denion, , 2015Strait & Ross, 1999]) para discutir hipótesis funcionales relacionadas a la visión, ya que se supone que representa la línea horizontal de visión cuando la cabeza se encuentra en estado de reposo.…”