Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing to Reduce Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Symptoms among Forcibly Displaced People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Macgowan, Mark J.; Naseh, Mitra; Rafieifar, Maryam

doi:10.1177/10497315221082223

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…EMDR is based on the idea that negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are a result of unprocessed memories and therapy involves standardised procedures that include focusing on spontaneous associations of traumatic images, thoughts, emotions and bodily sensations whilst simultaneously focusing on bilateral stimulation with the aim of processing memories ( 8 ). A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that EMDR effectively reduced PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms compared to treatment as usual, CBT or wait-list, amongst global forcibly displaced populations ( 14 ). A systematic review and meta-analysis called for the expansion on the current evidence base on EMDR in forcibly displaced populations ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and conflict: a pilot of an online eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention for forcibly displaced Syrian women

Hamid,

Williams,

Albakri

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe Syrian conflict has been ongoing since 2011. Practical and scalable solutions are urgently needed to meet an increase in need for specialised psychological support for post-traumatic stress disorder given limited availability of clinicians. Training forcibly displaced Syrians with a mental health background to remotely deliver specialised interventions increases the availability of evidence based psychological support. Little is known about the effectiveness of online therapy for forcibly displaced Syrian women provided by forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists.PurposeTo pilot an evidence-based trauma therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), carried out online by trained forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists for forcibly displaced Syrian women who require treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods83 forcibly displaced Syrian women, living in Türkiye or inside Syria, with diagnosable PTSD, were offered up to 12 sessions of online EMDR over a period of 3 months. This was delivered by forcibly displaced Syrian women therapists who were trained in EMDR. Data were gathered, using Arabic versions, on PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Events Scale Revised, depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety symptoms using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 at baseline, mid-point, and end of therapy.ResultsPTSD scores, depression scores and anxiety scores all significantly reduced over the course of treatment, with lower scores at midpoint than baseline and lower scores at end of treatment than at midpoint. Only one participant (1%) exceeded the cutoff point for PTSD, and 13 (16%) exceeded the cutoff points for anxiety and depression at the end of treatment.ConclusionIn this pilot study up to 12 sessions of online EMDR were associated with reductions in PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Syrian women affected by the Syrian conflict. The training of forcibly displaced Syrian mental health professionals to deliver online therapy is a relatively low cost, scalable, sustainable solution to ensure that those who are affected by the conflict can access specialised support. Further research is needed using a control group to confirm that the observed effects are due to EMDR treatment, as is research with post-treatment follow-up to ascertain that benefits are maintained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and conflict: a pilot of an online eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention for forcibly displaced Syrian women

Hamid,

Williams,

Albakri

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Modern PTSD care protocols recommend two psychotherapeutic methods: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [4,5], [6] and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) [7,8], [9]. That is why it is important to diagnose the psychophysical condition of the person.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation psychophysiological state via nonlinear dynamic integral models

Pavlenko,

Shamanina,

Chori

2023

AAIT

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The method of experimental research “input-output”of the human oculo-motor system was developed and implemented using innovative eye-tracking technology for recording oculo-motor systemresponses to test visual stimuli. Stimuli are displayed on the monitor screen at different distances from the starting position. This formally corresponds to the action of step signals with different amplitudes at the input of the oculo-motor system. According to the empirical data of the “input-output”studies of the respondent's oculo-motor systemobtained with the aid of the TobiiProTX300 eye tracker, the transient functions of the first and diagonal intersections of the transient functions of the second and third orders of the oculo-motor systemwere determined. Experimental studies of the respondent's oculo-motor systemto identify the state of fatigue were carried out before the beginning (in the morning) and after the working day (in the evening). The obtained multidimensional transient functions are used as a source of primary data in the implementation of intelligent information technology for diagnosis and monitoring of the psychophysiological state of a person. Instrumental algorithmic and software tools for determining diagnostic features based on the identification data of the oculo-motor systemin the form of multidimensional transient functionsin the Python language have been developed.Training samples of data fortwo states of the respondent (“Normal”and “Fatigue”) were formed on the basis of the proposed heuristic features, which are determined using integral and differential transformations of the obtained multidimensional transient functionsof the oculo-motor system. Training samples of data are used to build classifiers of psychophysiological states of an individual using machine learning tools. The informativeness of individual features and all their possible combinations in pairs according to the indicator of the probability of correct recognition was studied using the method of complete search. The research results were obtained by evaluating the quality of recognition of states built by Bayesian classifiers in different spaces of the proposed features. An analysis of the stability of the correct recognitioninformativeness indicator of different feature spaces under the influence of different levels of additive noise on the features was carried out. Two-dimensional feature spaces with the maximum and most stable value of the correct recognitionindicator were found when solving the scientific and practical task of assessing the psychophysiological state (fatigue) of a person (0.9375). Thus, it seems appropriate to use the multidimensional transient functionsobtained from eye-tracking data in diagnostic studies in the fields of neuroscience and experimental psychology.

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Psychological Interventions for PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety in Child, Adolescent and Adult Forced Migrants: A Systematic Review and Frequentist and Bayesian Meta‐Analyses

Molendijk,

Baart,

Schaffeld

et al. 2024

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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ObjectiveThe number of forced migrants has been rising for years. Many forced migrants suffer from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety and need treatment. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions (CBT, EMDR, expressive/art, mindfulness, mixed elements, NET and psychoeducation) in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in forced migrants.Design and Data SourcesSystematic searches in PubMed and Web of Science and searches of preprint servers and grey literature were performed (final search date: 1 September 2023). Random‐effects frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analyses were used for data synthesis.ResultsWe included 84 studies on treatment effects in adults (pooled N = 6302) and 32 on children and adolescents (pooled N = 1097). Our data show a reduction in symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms in both adults and child/adolescent forced migrants. Pooled pre‐ to post‐treatment effects (effect size Cohen's d) ranged from −1.03 to −0.26 for PTSD, from −0.91 to −0.11 for depression and from −0.91 to −0.60 for anxiety, without there being differences in outcome per study design (i.e., RCT comparison vs. non‐RCT comparison vs. single arm treatment study). Treatment effects remained evident over follow‐up, and not a single type of treatment stood out as being superior to other treatment types. Structural differences in populations (e.g., regarding country of origin) over studies, however, could have hampered the validity of the comparisons between study characteristics such as treatment type.ConclusionOur findings support the effectiveness of psychological treatment in adult and child/adolescent forced migrants.

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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing to Reduce Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Symptoms among Forcibly Displaced People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Mental health and conflict: a pilot of an online eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention for forcibly displaced Syrian women

Mental health and conflict: a pilot of an online eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention for forcibly displaced Syrian women

Estimation psychophysiological state via nonlinear dynamic integral models

Psychological Interventions for PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety in Child, Adolescent and Adult Forced Migrants: A Systematic Review and Frequentist and Bayesian Meta‐Analyses

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