Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for tinnitus

Phillips, John S.; Erskine, Sally; Moore, Tal; Nunney, Ian; Wright, Catherine

doi:10.1002/lary.27841

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…EMDR is a widely used technique in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (Guideline Development Panel for the Treatment of PTSD in Adults, and American Psychological Association, 2019). In the field of tinnitus, a first preliminary study on EMDR was recently published showing promising results as significant improvement on tinnitus burden (measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) and depressive symptoms (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory) was shown up until 6 months after EMDR treatment (Phillips et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Response to Different Tinnitus Treatment

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Tinnitus is a complex symptom requiring a thorough multidisciplinary assessment to construct an individual's tinnitus profile. The Antwerp University Hospital hosts a tertiary tinnitus clinic providing intensive, multidisciplinary tinnitus care in the form of combinational psychological treatment with either Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT)/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or TRT/eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), and physical therapy treatment (in cases of somatic influence of the neck or the temporomandibular area). Several factors may contribute to therapy effect of which the role of gender has recently gained more interest. As such, the current manuscript explores gender differences in the outcome of different tinnitus treatments.Methods: Data on treatment outcome of four distinct tinnitus treatments (1. HD-tDCS; 2. orofacial physical therapy; 3. combination TRT + CBT; and 4. combination TRT + EMDR) were pooled and compared. Treatment outcome was assessed via the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). Participants completed the TFI at baseline, immediately after treatment and after 9 weeks (±3 weeks) follow-up. To explore the effect of gender on different treatment outcomes, a linear mixed model was designed including Time point, Gender, and Therapy Group as fixed factors as well as all interactions between these factors.Results: TFI scores improved significantly over time regardless of therapy group (p < 0.0001). A mean TFI decrease of at least 13 points was obtained by all participants except by those in the HD-tDCS. Significant interactions between Gender and Time point were identified in all groups except for the TRT +EMDR group. Female subjects improved more extensively than males in the HD-tDCS (p = 0.0009) and orofacial therapy group (p = 0.0299). Contrarily, in the TRT +CBT group, male participants showed a significant improvement whereas the mean TFI scores of female subjects remained on baseline levels (p = 0.0138).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Response to Different Tinnitus Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, our results are consistent with the findings of the pilot study of Rikkert et al (2018) reporting significant reduction on the TFI after EMDR-treatment. The other exploratory study on EMDR and tinnitus ( Phillips et al, 2019 ) also showed an improvement after treatment with EMDR with a mean decrease of 20 points on the THI which remained stable at the 6-month follow up. Similar to our study, Rikkert et al conducted a 3-month follow up, also concluding a stable treatment effect over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Few studies have reported the use of EMDR as a treatment method for tinnitus (Zengin, 2009;Hochstenbach-Nederpel, 2015;Rikkert et al, 2018;Phillips et al, 2019), but outcomes remain unclear. Although some research has been carried out on EMDR and tinnitus, only two studies have attempted to investigate the efficacy systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the waiting list condition, scores on the tinnitus functional index (TFI), mini-tinnitus questionnaire (Mini-TQ), and symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) decreased significantly in the treatment group ( Rikkert et al, 2018 ). A recent pilot study with a sample size of 14 participants was published, reporting a decrease of more than 20 points on the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) after EMDR treatment ( Phillips et al, 2019 ). However, the effects of EMDR therapy in tinnitus remain elusive and further research is required ( Luyten et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bimodal Therapy for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial of EMDR and TRT Versus CBT and TRT

Luyten

Jacquemin

Looveren³

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

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Introduction: To date, guidelines recommend the use of a stepped care approach to treat tinnitus. The current clinical management of tinnitus frequently consists of audiologic interventions and tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Due to the high heterogeneity of the tinnitus population and comorbidity of tinnitus with insomnia, anxiety, and depression, these interventions may not be sufficient for every patient. The current study aims to determine whether a bimodal therapy for chronic, subjective tinnitus consisting of the combination of TRT and eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) results in a clinically significant different efficacy in comparison with the prevailing bimodal TRT and CBT therapy. Methods: Patients were randomized in two treatment groups. The experimental group received the bimodal therapy TRT/EMDR and the active control group received the bimodal therapy TRT/CBT. Evaluations took place at baseline (T 0), at the end of the treatment (T 1), and 3 months after therapy (T 2). The tinnitus functional index (TFI) was used as primary outcome measurement. Secondary outcome measurements were the visual analog scale of tinnitus loudness (VAS Loudness), tinnitus questionnaire (TQ), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ), global perceived effect (GPE), and psychoacoustic measurements. Findings: The TFI showed clinically significant improvement in both bimodal therapies (mean decrease 15.1 in TRT/CBT; p < 0.001 vs. 16.2 in TRT/EMDR; p < 0.001). The total score on the TQ, HADS, HQ, and VAS Loudness all demonstrated significant decrease after treatment and follow-up (p < 0.001) in the experimental and the active control group. GPE-measurements revealed that more than 80% (i.e., 84% in TRT/CBT vs. 80% in TRT/EMDR) of the patients experienced substantial improvement of tinnitus at follow up. Treatment outcome remained stable after 3 month follow-up and no adverse events were observed.

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“…For example, individuals with auditory problems may benefit from communication support to help reduce social isolation. Additionally, developing evidence-based treatment protocols for those who are suffering from co-morbid auditory problems and mental health problems may better address their specific treatment needs, such as Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing therapy to treat both tinnitus and PTSD concurrently [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported auditory problems are associated with adverse mental health outcomes and alcohol misuse in the UK Armed Forces

Parker

Fear

Stevelink

et al. 2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Auditory problems, such as hearing loss and tinnitus, have been associated with mental health problems and alcohol misuse in the UK general population and in the US Armed Forces; however, few studies have examined these associations within the UK Armed Forces. The present study examined the association between auditory problems and probable common mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol misuse. Methods 5474 serving and ex-service personnel from the UK Armed Forces were examined, selected from those who responded to phase two (data collection 2007–09) and phase three (2014–16) of a military cohort study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between auditory problems at phase two and mental health problems at phase three. Results 9.7% of participants reported ever experiencing hearing problems alone, 7.9% reported tinnitus within the last month alone, and 7.8% reported hearing problems with tinnitus. After adjustment, hearing problems with tinnitus at phase two was associated with increased odds of probable common mental disorders (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.09–2.08), post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.41–3.76), and alcohol misuse (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.28–2.96) at phase three. Tinnitus alone was associated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.03–3.15); however, hearing problems alone were not associated with any outcomes of interest. Conclusions The association between auditory problems and mental health problems emphasises the importance of the prevention of auditory problems in the Armed Forces: through enhanced audiometric screening, improved hearing protection equipment, and greater levels of utilisation of such equipment.

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Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for tinnitus

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Sex Differences in the Response to Different Tinnitus Treatment

Sex Differences in the Response to Different Tinnitus Treatment

Bimodal Therapy for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial of EMDR and TRT Versus CBT and TRT

Self-reported auditory problems are associated with adverse mental health outcomes and alcohol misuse in the UK Armed Forces

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