Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Trauma: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Children and Adolescents

Greyber, Laura R.; Dulmus, Catherine N.; Cristalli, Maria

doi:10.1007/s10560-012-0266-0

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Four reviews focused specifically on EMDR (Adler-Tapia & Settle, 2009;Greyber, Dulmus, & Cristalli, 2012;Moreno-Alcazar et al, 2017;Rodenburg, Benjamin, De Roos, Meijer, & Stams, 2009); one addressed the comparison of EMDR with CBT (Khan et al, 2018); one evaluated EMDR, CBT, and KidNET (Brown et al, 2017); and two reviews looked at specific areas of interest (Beer, 2018;Chen et al, 2018). Five reviews focused only on RCTs (Chen et al, 2018;Greyber et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2018;Moreno-Alcazar et al, 2017;Rodenberg et al, 2009), while three summarized RCTs, case studies, and or other methodologies ( Adler-Tapia & Settle, 2009;Beer, 2018;Brown et al, 2017). Greyber ID:p0185 et al ( 2012) and Beer (2018) were the only reviews not to include a meta-analysis.…”

Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of studies included in the reviews ranged from 5 to 36. The four reviews which focused only on EMDR therapy evaluated 19 or fewer studies (Adler-Tapia & Settle, 2009;Greyber et al, 2012;Moreno-Alcazar et al, 2017;Rodenburget al, 2009), with less than 691 total participants. The most recent review of KidNET, TF-CBT, and EMDR treatments had an impressive 3,541 participants across the three treatments (Brown et al, 2017).…”

Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two ID:p0190 of the reviews failed to examine the quality of the studies reviewed (Brown et al, 2017;Rodenburg et al, 2009), whereas other reviews used differing measures, making it difficult to compare the quality of studies across reviews. Greyber et al (2012) and Beer (2018) omitted measuring the homogeneity of the populations under study. Again Greyber et al was the only review not to discuss effect size, although this omission was recognized by the authors.…”

Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

Barron

Bourgaize

Lempertz³

et al. 2019

J EMDR Prac Res

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There is currently a limited number of studies into the efficacy of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy with children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study utilizes a systematic narrative review of methodologies and findings of previous literature reviews and meta-analyses as well as analyzing randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted from 2002 to 2018. Following initial scoping of the extent of studies, two systematic literature searches were conducted, firstly for literature reviews and secondly for recent RCTs. Nine databases were utilized. Eight reviews and seven RCTs were identified and analyzed for quality of methodology and outcome as measured by impact on PTSD symptoms. EMDR was found to be efficacious in reducing children's PTSD symptoms compared to waitlist conditions, with similar outcomes to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). EMDR was effective with both single-event trauma as well as cumulative trauma such as sexual abuse. EMDR was equally effective with girls and boys as well as children from different cultures. EMDR achieved medium to large effect sizes. Reductions in PTSD were maintained at 2-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, EMDR was consistently found to be an efficacious treatment for children with PTSD. Recommendations are made for future practice and research.

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Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Id:ti0025 Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

Barron

Bourgaize

Lempertz³

et al. 2019

J EMDR Prac Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…in a new cognitive and emotional network reduces negative symptoms related to the past experiences. Recently EMDR has been successfully used for reduction of stress and anxiety both in adults [52], [55] and children and adolescents [56], [57].…”

Section: A Techniques For Stress and Anxiety Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Reduction Using Bilateral Stimulation in Virtual Reality

et al. 2020

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The goal of this research is to integrate Virtual Reality (VR) with the bilateral stimulation used in EMDR as a tool to relieve stress. We created a 15 minutes relaxation training program for adults in a virtual, relaxing environment in form of a walk in the woods. The target platform for the tool is HTC Vive, however it can be easily ported to other VR platforms. An integral part of this tool is a set of sensors, which serves as physiological measures to evaluate the effectiveness of such system. What is more, the system integrate visual (passing sphere), auditory (surround sound) and tactile signals (vibration of controllers). A pilot treatment programme, incorporating the above mentioned VR system, was carried out. Experimental group consisting of 28 healthy adult volunteers (office workers), participated in three different sessions of relaxation training. Before starting, baseline features such as subjectively perceived stress, mood, heart rate, galvanic skin response and muscle response were registered. The monitoring of physiological indicators is continued during the training session and one minute after its completion. Before and after the session, volunteers were asked to re-fill questionnaires regarding the current stress level and mood. The obtained results were analyzed in terms of variability over time: before, during and after the session.

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“…Consequently, scientific studies into the effectiveness of EMDR for children are underrepresented (Herschell, McNeil, & McNeil, 2004;Khan et al, 2018). Two meta-analyses and one review including only a few studies show promising results regarding EMDR for children (Greyber, Dulmus, & Cristalli, 2012;Moreno-Alcázar et al, 2017;Rodenburg, Benjamin, De Roos, Meijer, & Stams, 2009). Interestingly, a recent meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of EMDR and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed that children with subthreshold PTSD exhibited significantly greater reductions in PTSD symptoms following treatment than those who were reported to have full diagnostic PTSD (Lewey et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMDR for children with medically related subthreshold PTSD: short-term effects on PTSD, blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep

Meentken

Mheen

Beynum

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Paediatric illness, injury and medical procedures are potentially traumatic experiences with a range of possible negative psychosocial consequences. To prevent psychosocial impairment and improve medical adherence, evidence-based psychotherapy should be offered if indicated. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been found to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. The evidence for the use with children is promising. Furthermore, recent studies indicate its effectiveness for the treatment of other psychological symptomatology. However, the effectiveness of EMDR in children with subthreshold PTSD after medically related trauma has not yet been investigated. Objective: Investigating the short-term effectiveness of EMDR on posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression and sleep problems in children with subthreshold PTSD after hospitalization through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Method: Following baseline screening of 420 children from various Dutch hospitals, 74 children (4-15 years old) with medically related subthreshold PTSD were randomized to EMDR (n = 37) or care-as-usual (CAU; n = 37). Follow-up assessment took place after M = 9.7 weeks. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analyses were performed to examine the effectiveness of EMDR compared to CAU. Results: Children in both groups improved significantly over time on all outcomes. However, the EMDR group improved significantly more as to child-reported symptoms of blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia and depression, and child-, and parent-reported sleep problems of the child. There was no superior effect of EMDR compared to CAU on subthreshold PTSD symptom reduction. Conclusions: EMDR did not perform better than CAU in reducing PTSD symptoms in a paediatric sample of children with subthreshold PTSD after hospitalization. However, the study results indicate that EMDR might be superior in reducing symptoms of blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep problems.

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Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Trauma: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Children and Adolescents

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Narrative Review

Stress Reduction Using Bilateral Stimulation in Virtual Reality

EMDR for children with medically related subthreshold PTSD: short-term effects on PTSD, blood-injection-injury phobia, depression and sleep

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