Eye Movements in Medical Image Perception: A Selective Review of Past, Present and Future

Wu, Chia-Chien; Wolfe, Jeremy M.

doi:10.3390/vision3020032

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Eye gaze movements that did not fall into simple drilling or scanning categories were classified in the hybrid category denoting simultaneous scanning and drilling. This has been termed scan drilling or “scrilling.” [ 10 ] In this study, modes of scrilling were observed that required subcategories. These were coined as roaming (the gaze is allowed to move about without predetermined design while drilling through the image stack) and zigzagging (the gaze moves across and back while drilling through the image stack).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents

Kliewer

Hartung

Green

2021

JCIS

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Objectives: The routine search patterns used by subspecialty abdominal imaging experts to inspect the image volumes of abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) have not been well characterized or rendered in practical or teachable terms. The goal of this study is to describe the search patterns used by experienced subspecialty imagers when reading a normal abdominal CT at a modern picture archiving and communication system workstation, and utilize this information to propose guidelines for residents as they learn to interpret CT during training. Material and Methods: Twenty-two academic subspecialists enacted their routine search pattern on a normal contrast-enhanced abdominal/pelvic CT study under standardized display parameters. Readers were told that the scan was normal and then asked to verbalize where their gaze centered and moved through the axial, coronal, and sagittal image stacks, demonstrating eye position with a cursor as needed. A peer coded the reported eye gaze movements and scrilling behavior. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between years of professional experience and the numbers of passes through the lung bases, liver, kidneys, and bowel. Results: All readers followed an initial organ-by-organ approach. Larger organs were examined by drilling, while smaller organs by oscillation or scanning. Search elements were classified as drilling, scanning, oscillation, and scrilling (scan drilling); these categories were parsed as necessary. The greatest variability was found in the examination the body wall and bowel/mesentery. Two modes of scrilling were described, and these classified as roaming and zigzagging. The years of experience of the readers did not correlated to number of passes made through the lung bases, liver, kidneys, or bowel. Conclusion: Subspecialty abdominal radiologists negotiate through the image stacks of an abdominal CT study in broadly similar ways. Collation of the approaches suggests a foundational search pattern for new trainees.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents

Kliewer

Hartung

Green

2021

JCIS

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“…By using these behavioral measurements, much previous literature has shown that we are genuine experts at visual search from extremely complex natural scenes, still outperforming state-of-the-art computer vision systems [4]. How is this high performance achieved?…”

Section: Figure 2 An Example Of An Experimental Sequence To Test Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than the prior knowledge or expectation, there are various factors that can effectively guide the top-down processing in visual search, as summarized in Figure 6. Compared to any other AI systems, the human brain seems to be much better at utilizing and combining these factors for top-down processing even before most of the scene objects and details are recognized and consciously processed [4]. Thus, the top-down processing is the domain in which machine such as AI and computer vision systems cannot simulate human performance yet.…”

Section: Figure 2 An Example Of An Experimental Sequence To Test Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Waldo: Two Routes for Processing Visual Search in Complex Scenic Images

Hwang¹

2019

AJSRE

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This paper reviews the cognitive mechanisms underlying visual search in complex visual images. Visual search is a type of task that we are constantly engaged in our everyday lives. Here, the current paper introduces the current literature that suggests that there are two different processing routes that support visual search in human observers: Bottom-up and Top-down processing. Bottom-up processing allows the visual system to process the sensory information from the visual image as it is, whereas top-down processing guides the visual system to efficiently allocate attention to a part of the image to facilitate the search process. The two processing routes via bottom-up and topdown processing work in concert during complex visual search, guiding our search behavior to be more efficient and adaptive. In closing remark, this review also briefly discusses how the current knowledge about the roles of bottom-up and top-down processing in visual search can contribute to development of computer vision and artificial intelligent. ABSTRACT AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 1 Andrew Hwang, AJSRE, 2019; 4:24 AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 2

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“…Therefore, the central hypothesis is that radiomics will disrupt current interpretative-subjective imaging description by providing definitive-objective imaging characterization [32]. This is inevitable when machines are compared to humans [33][34][35][36] for specific tasks. The workflow [37] begins with the acquisition of images/data (including QA and curation if necessary), the identification of regions of interest (automatically or manually), the pre-processing, extraction of features (handcrafted or deep), and post-processing of features, and machine learning (training of application) is then performed, culminating in a link to clinically actionable insight (diagnosis [38], prognosis [39], theragnosis [40], or follow-up [41]).…”

Section: You Can Only Treat What You See Buzzword Radiomics: the Bridmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-change symposium: status and future of modern radiation oncology—from technology to biology

et al. 2021

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Future radiation oncology encompasses a broad spectrum of topics ranging from modern clinical trial design to treatment and imaging technology and biology. In more detail, the application of hybrid MRI devices in modern image-guided radiotherapy; the emerging field of radiomics; the role of molecular imaging using positron emission tomography and its integration into clinical routine; radiation biology with its future perspectives, the role of molecular signatures in prognostic modelling; as well as special treatment modalities such as brachytherapy or proton beam therapy are areas of rapid development. More clinically, radiation oncology will certainly find an important role in the management of oligometastasis. The treatment spectrum will also be widened by the rational integration of modern systemic targeted or immune therapies into multimodal treatment strategies. All these developments will require a concise rethinking of clinical trial design. This article reviews the current status and the potential developments in the field of radiation oncology as discussed by a panel of European and international experts sharing their vision during the “X-Change” symposium, held in July 2019 in Munich (Germany).

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Eye Movements in Medical Image Perception: A Selective Review of Past, Present and Future

Cited by 31 publications

References 95 publications

The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents

The Search Patterns of Abdominal Imaging Subspecialists for Abdominal Computed Tomography: Toward a Foundational Pattern for New Radiology Residents

Finding Waldo: Two Routes for Processing Visual Search in Complex Scenic Images

X-change symposium: status and future of modern radiation oncology—from technology to biology

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