Eye Tracking Effort Expenditure and Autonomic Arousal to Social and Circumscribed Interest Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Traynor, Jenna; Gough, Alex; Duku, Eric; Shore, David I.; Hall, Geoffrey B.

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-03877-y

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Specific interests are common in ASD. Traynor et al (2019) found increased pupil dilation in the ASD group to circumscribed stimuli compared to social and neutral stimuli, showing increased motivation which results in increased autonomic arousal.…”

Section: Processing Of Emotional Informationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vries

Fouquaet

Boets

et al. 2021

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Pupillometry, measuring pupil size and reactivity, has been proposed as a measure of autonomic nervous system functioning, the latter which might be altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to evaluate if pupillary responses differ in individuals with and without ASD. After performing a systematic literature search, we conducted a meta-analysis and constructed a qualitative synthesis. The meta-analysis shows a longer latency of the pupil response in the ASD-group as a substantial group difference, with a Hedges' g of 1.03 (95% CI 0.49-1.56, p = 0.008). Evidence on baseline pupil size and amplitude change is conflicting. We used the framework method to perform a qualitative evaluation of these differences. Explanations for the group differences vary between studies and are inconclusive, but many authors point to involvement of the autonomous nervous system and more specifically the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system. Pupillometry reveals differences between people with and without ASD, but the exact meaning of these differences remains unknown. Future studies should align research designs and investigate a possible effect of maturation.

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Section: Processing Of Emotional Informationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vries

Fouquaet

Boets

et al. 2021

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Approaches to measuring social motivation have taken a variety of forms in the literature to date, including measurement of social approach behaviors [e.g., Dubey, Ropar, & Hamilton, 2018; Kim et al, 2015], social attention via eye‐tracking [e.g., Chakrabarti, Haffey, Canzano, Taylor, & McSorley, 2017; Traynor, Gough, Duku, Shore, & Hall, 2019], effects of social motivators on reaction time and accuracy [e.g., Demurie, Roeyers, Baeyens, & Sonuga‐Barke, 2011; Neuhaus, Bernier, & Beauchaine, 2015], and psychophysiological changes associated with social versus nonsocial stimuli [e.g., Delmonte et al, 2012; Stavropoulos & Carver, 2018; Traynor et al, 2019]. Observational and interview methods (e.g., Social Motivation domain of the Broader Phenotype Autism Symptoms Scale [Dawson et al, 2007]; Social Motivation Interview [Elias & White, 2019]) also offer insight into these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Motivation Across Multiple Measures: Caregiver‐Report of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Neuhaus

Bernier

2020

Autism Research

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Social motivation is a foundational construct with regard to the etiology, neurobiology, and phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple theories suggest that early emerging alterations to social motivation underlie a developmental cascade of social and communication deficits across the lifespan. Despite this significance, methods to measure social motivation vary widely, with little data to date as to how different measures might compare. In this study, we explore three existing caregiver‐report measures that have been proposed to quantify social motivation among school‐age children with ASD (n = 18; all male) and without ASD (n = 36; 50% female), with the broad goal of characterizing social motivation across measures and specific aims of investigating (a) diagnostic and sex differences in social motivation, (b) correspondence between measures, and (c) relationships between social motivation and broader social outcomes. Across all three measures, individuals with ASD had lower social motivation by caregiver‐report. However, they did display individual differences in the degree of social motivation reported. There were no differences in social motivation between males and females without ASD on any of the three measures. For the full sample, measures of social motivation correlated with one another as anticipated, and stronger social motivation was associated with stronger social skills and fewer social difficulties. Our data suggest that social motivation among children with ASD may be best conceptualized as an individual difference that is diminished on average relative to peers but which varies among children and adolescents with ASD, rather than as an absolute absence or uniform deficit. Lay Summary Several theories suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience less social motivation than their peers without ASD, contributing to difficulties in social skills. Based on multiple caregiver‐report questionnaires, social motivation was reduced on average for school‐age children with ASD but also varied among children with ASD. Stronger social motivation was related to stronger social skills and fewer social problems. Future work should include more girls with ASD, consider social motivation across age groups, and include first‐hand perspectives from people with ASD.

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“…For example, an individual may be faced with a choice between meeting friends, or staying at home to play with toys. Indeed, when presented with analogous situations in experimental contexts, individuals with high autistic traits invest less effort to obtain social rewards (Dubey, Ropar, & de C Hamilton, 2017; Dubey, Ropar, & Hamilton, 2015; Traynor, Gough, Duku, Shore, & Hall, 2019). Understanding the mechanisms underlying such choices is highly relevant to the autism phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing

Hedger

Chakrabarti

2020

Autism Research

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Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices—gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice‐based eye‐tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits—an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time‐series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype. Lay Summary When presented with multiple stimuli to choose from, we tend to look more toward the stimuli we later choose. Here, we found that this relationship between looking and choosing was reduced in individuals with high autistic traits. These data indicate that autistic traits may be associated with atypical processing of value, which may contribute to the reduced preferences for social stimuli exhibited by individuals with autism.

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Eye Tracking Effort Expenditure and Autonomic Arousal to Social and Circumscribed Interest Stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism spectrum disorder and pupillometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Social Motivation Across Multiple Measures: Caregiver‐Report of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing

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