Eye-Tracking Measurements of Language Processing: Developmental Differences in Children at High Risk for ASD

Chita-Tegmark, Meia; Arunachalam, Sudha; Nelson, Charles A.; Tager–Flusberg, Helen

doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2495-5

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A review of 122 studies indicated atypical gaze patterns across the lifespan in people with ASD, consistent with fundamental deficits in selecting and attending to information needed to perceive social interactions accurately 88. Numerous studies have examined early correlates of these findings in high risk infants 89909192939495969798. Several of these have focused on cross sectional group differences in visual orienting between high risk and low risk infants in relation to face processing,92959699 gaze following,8998 and language processing 91.…”

Section: Potential For Presymptomatic Detection: Advances In Biomarkementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder: advances in diagnosis and evaluation

Zwaigenbaum

Penner

2018

BMJ

190

137

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a variety of causes, and its clinical expression is generally associated with substantial disability throughout the lifespan. Recent advances have led to earlier diagnosis, and deep phenotyping efforts focused on high risk infants have helped advance the characterization of early behavioral trajectories. Moreover, biomarkers that measure early structural and functional connectivity, visual orienting, and other biological processes have shown promise in detecting the risk of autism spectrum disorder even before the emergence of overt behavioral symptoms. Despite these advances, the mean age of diagnosis is still 4-5 years. Because of the broad consistency in published guidelines, parameters for high quality comprehensive assessments are available; however, such models are resource intensive and high demand can result in greatly increased waiting times. This review describes advances in detecting early behavioral and biological markers, current options and controversies in screening for the disorder, and best practice in its diagnostic evaluation including emerging data on innovative service models.

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Section: Potential For Presymptomatic Detection: Advances In Biomarkementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder: advances in diagnosis and evaluation

Zwaigenbaum

Penner

2018

BMJ

190

137

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“…Indeed, language processing speed—or the speed with which children look to a picture in a display after hearing it named—predicts language and cognitive outcomes in both TD children [Marchman & Fernald, ] and children with ASD [Venker, Eernisse, Saffran, & Weismer, ], and so future research should focus on this issue. However, the research on online language processing in young children with ASD is new; while there may not be systematic differences between TD children and children with or at risk for ASD, there are large individual differences [Brock, Norbury, Einav, & Nation ; Chita‐Tegmark, Arunachalam, Nelson, & Tager‐Flusberg, ; Venker et al, ].…”

Section: Access To a Lexicon: Using Language Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

The integrity of lexical acquisition mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders: A research review

Arunachalam

Luyster

2015

Autism Research

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Scientific Abstract Research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has rapidly expanded in recent years, yielding important developments in both theory and practice. While we have gained important insights into how children with ASD differ from typically developing (TD) children in terms of phenotypic features, less has been learned about if and how development in ASD differs from typical development in terms of underlying mechanisms of change. This paper aims to provide a review of processes subserving lexical development in ASD, with the goal of identifying contributing factors to the heterogeneity of language outcomes in ASD. The focus is on available evidence of the integrity or disruption of these mechanisms in ASD, as well as their significance for vocabulary development; topics include early speech perception and preference, speech segmentation, word learning and category formation. Significant gaps in the literature are identified and future directions are suggested.

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“…Eye-gaze methods-including automatic eye-tracking and manual coding of eye gaze-have been widely used to investigate real-time cognitive, linguistic, and attentional processes in infants and young children [Aslin, 2007[Aslin, , 2012Fernald, Zangl, Portillo, & Marchman, 2008;Oakes, 2012]. Eye-gaze methodology has also become increasingly popular in studies of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent years [Chita-Tegmark, Arunachalam, Nelson, & Tager-Flusberg, 2015;Falck-Ytter, Bölte, & Gredebäck, 2013;Kaldy, Kraper, Carter, & Blaser, 2011;Potrzeba, Fein, & Naigles, 2015;Swensen, Kelley, Fein, & Naigles, 2007]. Eye-gaze techniques offer advantages in autism research because they provide a window into complex cognitive processes simply by measuring participants' gaze to visual stimuli on a screen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Automatic Eye Tracking and Manual Gaze Coding Methods in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2019

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Eye‐gaze methods offer numerous advantages for studying cognitive processes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but data loss may threaten the validity and generalizability of results. Some eye‐gaze systems may be more vulnerable to data loss than others, but to our knowledge, this issue has not been empirically investigated. In the current study, we asked whether automatic eye‐tracking and manual gaze coding produce different rates of data loss or different results in a group of 51 toddlers with ASD. Data from both systems were gathered (from the same children) simultaneously, during the same experimental sessions. As predicted, manual gaze coding produced significantly less data loss than automatic eye tracking, as indicated by the number of usable trials and the proportion of looks to the images per trial. In addition, automatic eye‐tracking and manual gaze coding produced different patterns of results, suggesting that the eye‐gaze system used to address a particular research question could alter a study's findings and the scientific conclusions that follow. It is our hope that the information from this and future methodological studies will help researchers to select the eye‐gaze measurement system that best fits their research questions and target population, as well as help consumers of autism research to interpret the findings from studies that utilize eye‐gaze methods with children with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 271‐283. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The current study found that automatic eye‐tracking and manual gaze coding produced different rates of data loss and different overall patterns of results in young children with ASD. These findings show that the choice of eye‐gaze system may impact the findings of a study—important information for both researchers and consumers of autism research.

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Eye-Tracking Measurements of Language Processing: Developmental Differences in Children at High Risk for ASD

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Autism spectrum disorder: advances in diagnosis and evaluation

Autism spectrum disorder: advances in diagnosis and evaluation

The integrity of lexical acquisition mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders: A research review

Comparing Automatic Eye Tracking and Manual Gaze Coding Methods in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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