Eye-Tracking Metrics as an Indicator of Workload in Commercial Single-Pilot Operations

Faulhaber, Anja K.; Friedrich, Maik

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32423-0_14

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This paper focuses on the analysis of the eyetracking data to assess differences in pilot scanning behavior. Results concerning workload and pilot performance have already been reported previously (Faulhaber & Friedrich, 2019;Faulhaber, 2019). Eye-tracking data and workload ratings were only collected for the PF who was always sitting in the left seat for better comparability.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Our results from the NASA TLX showed that the pilots' workload was not generally increased during SPO but particularly the temporal demand increased significantly. Also the eye-tracking data showed faster eye movements reflecting a certain time pressure and stress during SPO (for details see Faulhaber & Friedrich, 2019;Faulhaber, 2019). Thus, the higher temporal demand seems to be connected to the visual overload which is an issue of critical importance for SPO (Wickens et al, 2002).…”

Section: Implications For the Design Of Spo Flight Decksmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

2020

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Objective This study examines whether the pilot flying’s (PF) scanning behavior is affected by the absence of the pilot monitoring (PM) and aims at deriving implications for the design of single-pilot cockpits for commercial aviation. Background Due to technological progress, a crew reduction from two-crew to single-pilot operations (SPO) might be feasible. This requires a redesign of the cockpit to support the pilot adequately, especially during high workload phases such as approach and landing. In these phases, the continuous scanning of flight parameters is of particular importance. Method Experienced pilots flew various approach and landing scenarios with or without the support of the PM in a fixed-base Airbus A320 simulator. A within-subject design was used and eye-tracking data were collected to analyze scanning behavior. Results The results confirm that the absence of the PM affects the PF’s scanning behavior. Participants spent significantly more time scanning secondary instruments at the expense of primary instruments when flying alone. Moreover, the frequency of transitions between the cockpit instruments and the external view increased while mean dwell durations on the external view decreased. Conclusion The findings suggest that the PM supports the PF to achieve efficient scanning behavior. Information should be presented differently in commercial SPO to compensate for the PM’s absence and to avoid visual overload. Application This research will help inform the design of commercial SPO flight decks providing adequate support for the pilot particularly in terms of efficient scanning behavior.

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Section: Data Collection and Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Implications For the Design Of Spo Flight Decksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

2020

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“…SiPO simulated approach and landing trials in an Airbus A320 did not impose significantly higher workload on the pilots during normal operations but did impose greater workload in turbulent conditions and during abnormal operations. Error rates also increased in these situations [90]. However, workload management can be trained [89,91].…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-pilot airline operations: Designing the aircraft may be the easy part

Harris

2023

Aeronaut. j.

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For financial and operational reasons many aircraft manufacturers are working on the development of single-pilot commercial aircraft. It is suggested that cargo operations may commence in the early 2030s followed by passenger flights later that decade. Two technological approaches for the development of single-pilot airliners are being developed either based upon extant technology and operating concepts derived from uninhabited aviation systems and military aircraft, or alternatively based upon high levels of onboard autonomy/automation. This review considers the economic, technological, regulatory (safety) and societal acceptance of the single-pilot airliner, and examines some of the operational challenges that airlines may face. It is suggested that while the technological and safety challenges may be resolved, it is the operational challenges that may determine if the concept is ultimately viable.

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“…Hence, it's crucial to create a cockpit assistant capable of understanding the cognitive workload of pilots and their capacity to control the aircraft, potentially supplanting the current First Officer role. [7]. However, estimating an operator's mental workload (MWL) is complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study of pilot stress and mental workload monitoring through physiological signals

Luzzani,

Buraioli,

Demarchi

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The aviation industry is moving towards single-pilot operations due to increased operating expenses and a shortage of pilots. The necessity of developing a digital cockpit assistant leads to discovering methods to assess the stress and mental workload of pilots. This study used twenty-eight healthy volunteers to conduct preliminary computerised cognitive tasks while recording their physiological data for PPG, EDA, and temperature under four different stress and workload situations. The results highlight how they are sensible to a binary classification between a relaxed and more cognitively demanding condition.

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Eye-Tracking Metrics as an Indicator of Workload in Commercial Single-Pilot Operations

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

Single-pilot airline operations: Designing the aircraft may be the easy part

Preliminary study of pilot stress and mental workload monitoring through physiological signals

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