Eye-tracking technology in medical education: A systematic review

Ashraf, Hajra; Sodergren, Mikael H.; Merali, Nabeel; Mylonas, George P.; Singh, Harsimrat; Darzi, Ara

doi:10.1080/0142159x.2017.1391373

Cited by 146 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Simulation training is a well-recognised educational tool in medical and emergency personnel education that allow improvement of technical and non-technical skills [17–19]. Eye-tracking technology was reported as effective instrument in order to complement the simulation training and the subjects performance assessment [20,21]. Recent publications show its effectiveness assessing or evaluating in simulating scenarios related to anaphylaxis or paediatric trauma [12,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABCDE approach to victims by lifeguards: how do they manage a critical patient? A cross sectional simulation study

Fernández-Méndez

Otero-Agra

Abelairas‐Gómez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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6Introduction: Decision-making in emergencies is a multifactorial process based on the 7 rescuer, patient, setting and resources. The eye-tracking system is a proven method for 8 assessing decision-making process that has been used in different fields of science. Our 9 aim was to evaluate the lifeguards' capacity to perform the ABCDE (Airway-Breathing-10 Circulation-Dissability-Exposure) approach when facing a simulated critically ill-11 drowned victim. 12 Methods:A cross sectional simulation study was designed to assess the skills and 13 sequence of the ABCDE approach by 20 professional lifeguards. They had to assess a 14 victim and act according to his/her clinical status following the ABCDE primary 15 assessment approach. Two kind of variables were recorder: those related to quality of 16 each step of the ABCDE approach; visual behaviour using a portable eye-movement 17 system. The eye-tracking system was the Mobile Eye system (Bedford, USA). 18Results: None of the study participants was able to complete correctly the ABCDE 19 approach. Lifeguards spent more time in the Circulation step: Airway (15.5±11.1 s), 20 Breathing (25.1±21.1 s), Circulation (44.6±29.5 s), Disability (38.5±0.7 s). Participants 21 spent more time in viewpoints considered as important (65.5±17.4 s) compared with 22 secondary ones (34.6±17.4 s, p = 0.008). This also was represented in the percentage of 3 23 visual fixations (fixations in important viewpoints: 63.36±15.06; fixation in secondary 24 viewpoints: 36.64±15.06). 25 Conclusion: Professional lifeguards failed to fully perform the ABCDE sequence. 26 Evaluation by experts with the help of eye-tracking technology detected lifeguards' 27 limitations in the assessment and treatment of an eventual critically ill victim. Such 28 deficits should be considered in the design and implementation of lifeguards' training 29 programmes.30

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABCDE approach to victims by lifeguards: how do they manage a critical patient? A cross sectional simulation study

Fernández-Méndez

Otero-Agra

Abelairas‐Gómez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Eye-tracking data collected during pediatric trauma may build our understanding of situational awareness amongst trauma team members, which can be used to guide the development of future educational interventions. [4][5][6]…”

Section: Résumémentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of eye-tracking behaviours in a pediatric trauma simulation

Damji

Borkenhagen

Cheng

2018

CJEM

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Eye-tracking devices are able to capture eye movements, which are further characterized by fixations. The application of eye tracking in a trauma setting has not been explored. Visual fixation can be utilized as a surrogate measure of attention during the management of a trauma patient. We aimed to determine the feasibility of using eye tracking and to characterize eye tracking behaviours of pediatric emergency medicine physicians during management of a simulated pediatric trauma patient. Each participant was equipped with a head-mounted eye-tracking device during a standardized simulated pediatric trauma scenario. Each session was video recorded, with visual fixations defined as >0.2 seconds, and characterized by start time, duration, and the area of interest. Data from seven videos were analysed; 35% of eye fixations were directed towards the mannequin, 16% towards the monitor, and 13% towards the bedside doctor. Visual eye tracking in a trauma simulation is feasible. Frequency of fixations tends to be highest towards the patient. Eye tracking within trauma simulation may provide new insights into quality improvement and inform advancements in pediatric trauma.

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“…Eye tracking is an established quantitative objective tool in the assessment of surgical skill . Observation of the gaze behaviour in surgeons has made it possible to differentiate between gaze patterns of novices and experts, simulated and live operations, and giving valuable information regarding the surgeon's cognitive load .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Eye tracking is an established quantitative objective tool in the assessment of surgical skill. 14,15 Observation of the gaze behaviour in surgeons has made it possible to differentiate between gaze patterns of novices and experts, [16][17][18] simulated and live operations, 19 and giving valuable information regarding the surgeon's cognitive load. 20 Original work by Hess and Polt 21 found that mean pupil dilation was a function of the level of difficulty, with subsequent studies of pupilometrics showing that pupil diameter increases with increasing task demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual behaviour in robotic surgery—Demonstrating the validity of the simulated environment

Dilley

Singh

Pratt

et al. 2020

Robotics Computer Surgery

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Background Eye metrics provide insight into surgical behaviour allowing differentiation of performance, however have not been used in robotic surgery. This study explores eye metrics of robotic surgeons in training in simulated and real tissue environments. Methods Following the Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS), training curriculum novice robotic surgeons were trained to expert‐derived benchmark proficiency using real tissue on the da Vinci Si and the da Vinci skills simulator (dVSS) simulator. Surgeons eye metrics were recorded using eye‐tracking glasses when both “novice” and “proficient” in both environments. Performance was assessed using Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic skills (GEARS) and numeric psychomotor test score (NPMTS) scores. Results Significant (P ≤ .05) correlations were seen between pupil size, rate of change and entropy, and associated GEARS/NPMTS in “novice” and “proficient” surgeons. Only number of blinks per minute was significantly different between pupilometrics in the simulated and real tissue environments. Conclusions This study illustrates the value of eye tracking as an objective physiological tool in the robotic setting. Pupilometrics significantly correlate with established assessment methods and could be incorporated into robotic surgery assessments.

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Eye-tracking technology in medical education: A systematic review

Cited by 146 publications

References 37 publications

ABCDE approach to victims by lifeguards: how do they manage a critical patient? A cross sectional simulation study

ABCDE approach to victims by lifeguards: how do they manage a critical patient? A cross sectional simulation study

Analysis of eye-tracking behaviours in a pediatric trauma simulation

Visual behaviour in robotic surgery—Demonstrating the validity of the simulated environment

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