Eye tracking under dichoptic viewing conditions: a practical solution

Brascamp, Jan W.; Naber, Marnix

doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0805-2

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Observers in our binocular rivalry experiment were seated in front of a mirror setup (Brascamp & Naber, 2017) that allowed each eye to view a separate computer monitor. Each monitor displayed a sinusoidal grating (1.2 cycles/degrees of visual angle [c/dva], Michelson contrast 0.5, mean luminance same as background luminance) presented within an annular aperture (inner radius 0.5 dva, outer radius of 1.25 dva).…”

Section: Binocular Rivalrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

2018

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Simultaneously showing an observer two incompatible displays, one to each eye, causes binocular rivalry, during which the observer regularly switches between perceiving one eye's display and perceiving the other. Observers differ in the rate of this perceptual cycle, and these individual differences have been reported to correlate with differences in the perceptual switch rate for other bistable perception phenomena. Identifying which psychological or neural factors explain this variability can help clarify the mechanisms underlying binocular rivalry and of bistable perception generally. Motivated by the prominent theory that perceptual switches during binocular rivalry are brought about by neural adaptation, we investigated whether perceptual switch rates are correlated with the strength of neural adaptation, indexed by visual aftereffects. We found no compelling evidence for such correlations. Moreover, we did not corroborate previous findings that switch rates are correlated between binocular rivalry and other forms of bistable perception. This latter nonreplication prompted us to perform a meta-analysis of existing research into correlations among forms of bistable perception, which revealed that evidence for such correlations is much weaker than is generally believed. By showing no common factor linking individual differences in binocular rivalry and in our other paradigms, these results fit well with other work that has shown such common factors to be rare among visual phenomena generally.

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Section: Binocular Rivalrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

2018

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“…Participants viewed the stimuli through a mirror stereoscope consisting of two mirrors at a 45° angle, each reflecting one of two linearized 23-inch LCD monitors (Dell UZ2315H; resolution: 1920 × 1080; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that were facing each other (see Brascamp and Naber 2016 for a more detailed description). Despite matching the calibration of both displays with the Spyder3Elite (Datacolor, Lawrenceville, NJ), there were slight luminance discrepancies between the screens (mean discrepancy was approximately 9%).…”

Section: Experiments 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of action-effect anticipation on bistable perception: differences between onset rivalry and ambiguous motion

Dogge

Gayet

Custers

et al. 2018

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Perception is strongly shaped by the actions we perform. According to the theory of event coding, and forward models of motor control, goal-directed action preparation activates representations of desired effects. These expectations about the precise stimulus identity of one’s action-outcomes (i.e. identity predictions) are thought to selectively influence perceptual processing of action-contingent effects. However, the existing evidence for such identity-prediction effects is scarce and mixed. Here, we developed a new paradigm to capture such effects and examined whether action-outcome predictions can bias the perception of binocular onset rivalry (Experiments 1a and 1b) and bistable motion (Experiment 2). Participants performed learning tasks in which they were exposed to action-outcome associations. On test trials, actions were followed by bistable stimuli that could be perceived as being either congruent or incongruent with the aforementioned associations (i.e. rivalrous oriented gratings in Experiments 1a and 1b and spheres with ambiguous rotation directions in Experiment 2). Across three experiments, we show that, whilst exposure to action-effect associations can bias the apparent motion direction of ambiguous spheres, it fails to influence perceptual selection of grating orientations in binocular onset rivalry. This pattern of results extends previous work on ambiguous motion by demonstrating that action-induced modulations do not generalize to all types of bistable percepts.

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“…1D for a schematic of the perceptual phenomenon). According to a prominent theory of the mechanisms behind this perceptual cycle, two groups of neurons, each encoding the stimulus properties from one eye, engage in a mutually inhibitory relationship (Alais et al, 2010;Brascamp et al, 2017;Wilson, 2007). More importantly in the present context, the theory holds that neurons encoding the currently perceived stimulus, or dominant stimulus, adapt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation

Thakkar

Antinori

Carter

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Research

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Abnormalities in synaptic plasticity are argued to underlie the neural dysconnectivity observed in schizophrenia. One way to measure synaptic plasticity is through sensory adaptation, whereby sensory neurons exhibit reduced sensitivity after sustained stimulus exposure. Evidence for decreased adaptation in individuals with schizophrenia is currently inconclusive, possibly due to heterogeneity in clinical and medication status across samples. Here we circumvent these confounds by examining whether altered adaptation is represented sub-clinically in the general population. To test this we used three paradigms from visual perception research that provide a precise and non-invasive index of adaptation in the visual system. Two paradigms involve a class of illusory percepts termed visual aftereffects. The third relies on a visual phenomenon termed binocular rivalry, where incompatible stimuli are presented to the two eyes and observers alternate between perceiving exclusively one stimulus or a combination of the two (i.e. mixed perception). We analyzed the strength and dynamics of visual adaptation in these paradigms, in relation to schizotypy. Our results showed that increased schizotypal traits were related to reduced orientation, but not luminance, aftereffect strength (Exp. 1). Further, increased schizotypy was related to a greater proportion of mixed perception during binocular rivalry (Exp. 1 and 2). Given that visual adaption is well understood at cellular and computational levels, our data suggest that short-term plasticity in the visual system can provide important information about the disease mechanisms of schizophrenia.

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Eye tracking under dichoptic viewing conditions: a practical solution

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

The influence of action-effect anticipation on bistable perception: differences between onset rivalry and ambiguous motion

Altered short-term neural plasticity related to schizotypal traits: Evidence from visual adaptation

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