Eyeblink rate watching classical Hollywood and post-classical MTV editing styles, in media and non-media professionals

Andreu-Sánchez, Celia; Martín-Pascual, Miguel Ángel; Gruart, Agnès; Delgado‐García, José M.

doi:10.1038/srep43267

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, a decrease in eyeblink rate has been linked to symptom worsening associated to dry keratoconjunctivitis or dry eye syndrome [ 8 , 21 ]. It is well known that the narrative in media works can also affect eyeblink frequency and that SBRs synchronize among spectators watching the same movie [ 22 , 23 ], contributing to the idea that blinking has not only a physiological function [ 23 – 25 ] but also a psychological one [ 26 ]. In fact, the importance of eyeblinks in the communicative process has been proven [ 19 , 27 ], being understood as an attentional marker linked to the hypothetical Default Mode Network (DMN), which would be active when there is no attentional focus in media works [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking at reality versus watching screens: Media professionalization effects on the spontaneous eyeblink rate

et al. 2017

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This article explores whether there are differences in visual perception of narrative between theatrical performances and screens, and whether media professionalization affects visual perception. We created a live theatrical stimulus and three audio-visual stimuli (each one with a different video editing style) having the same narrative, and displayed them randomly to participants (20 media professionals and 20 non-media professionals). For media professionals, watching movies on screens evoked a significantly lower spontaneous blink rate (SBR) than looking at theatrical performances. Media professionals presented a substantially lower SBR than non-media professionals when watching screens, and more surprisingly, also when seeing reality. According to our results, media professionals pay higher attention to both screens and the real world than do non-media professionals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking at reality versus watching screens: Media professionalization effects on the spontaneous eyeblink rate

et al. 2017

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“…But regardless of the several times per minute that cuts are present in a film, viewers are rarely aware of them, due to the so-called edit blindness (Smith and Henderson, 2008 ). Previous studies showed that cuts inhibit viewers' eyeblink rate (Andreu-Sánchez et al, 2017b , 2018 ). However, here we found that this happens with a clearer impact on media professionals, suggesting that this group is more sensitive to cuts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Stimulus 1 was a one-shot movie; stimulus 2 was a movie edited according to classical Hollywood rules (Bordwell et al, 1985 ); stimulus 3 was a movie edited according to MTV style (Bordwell, 2002 ); and stimulus 4 was a live performance. All stimuli were randomly presented to all participants [see Andreu-Sánchez et al ( 2017b ) for details]. The order of presentation of the four stimuli was randomized with the 24 possible combinations to avoid the impact of sensory adaption and effect of fatigue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the attentional level and the awareness of cuts depend on the edit construction. A chaotic and non-organized style of edition, plenty of cuts, decreases viewers' eyeblinks compared with a classical edition having fewer and more-organized cuts, and even more compared with a one-shot style without cuts (Andreu-Sánchez et al, 2017b ). Since eyeblinks can be understood as attentional markers when watching movies (Nakano et al, 2009 ), it is important to note that cuts can have a big impact on the management of viewers' attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Media Professionalization on Cognitive Neurodynamics During Audiovisual Cuts

Andreu-Sánchez

Martín-Pascual

Gruart

et al. 2021

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Experts apply their experience to the proper development of their routine activities. Their acquired expertise or professionalization is expected to help in the development of those recurring tasks. Media professionals spend their daily work watching narrative contents on screens, so learning how they manage visual perception of those contents could be of interest in an increasingly audiovisual society. Media works require not only the understanding of the storytelling, but also the decoding of the formal rules and presentations. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from 36 participants (18 media professionals and 18 non-media professionals) while they were watching audiovisual contents, and compared their eyeblink rate and their brain activity and connectivity. We found that media professionals decreased their blink rate after the cuts, suggesting that they can better manage the loss of visual information that blinks entail by sparing them when new visual information is being presented. Cuts triggered similar activation of basic brain processing in the visual cortex of the two groups, but different processing in medial and frontal cortical areas, where media professionals showed a lower activity. Effective brain connectivity occurred in a more organized way in media professionals–possibly due to a better communication between cortical areas that are coordinated for decoding new visual content after cuts.

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“…The aim of the current work is to determine how viewers manage their attention while watching videos with different editing styles. To address this, we used both viewers' blinks as attention markers and viewers' electrical brain activity in comparative experiments with different editing styles to study the attentional effect of cuts on viewers' brain by analyzing the causality and potential activity in occipital and prefrontal areas associated with vision and cognitive processes (Andreu-Sánchez et al, 2017a;2017b;2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of cuts in different editing styles

Andreu-Sánchez

Martín-Pascual²

2021

EPI

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The goal of this work is to explain how the cuts and their insertion in different editing styles influence the attention of viewers. The starting hypothesis is that viewers’ response to cuts varies depending on whether they watch a movie with a classical versus a messy or chaotic editing style. To undertake this investigation, we created three videos with the same narrative content and duration but different editing styles. One video was a fixed one-shot movie. Another video followed a classical editing style, based on the rules of classic Hollywood movies, according to David Bordwell’s studies. The other video used a chaotic style, beyond post-classic, which broke the classical rules of continuity and was inspired by music video clips. We showed these stimuli to 40 subjects while recording their brain activity using the electroencephalography (EEG) technique. The results showed that cuts reduce the eyeblink frequency during the second after they are seen. Since blinking is a well-known attention marker, we propose that cuts increase viewers’ attention. Cuts initiate a flow of electrical activity from the visual cortex to the cognitive processing zone in the prefrontal area. We also found that the different editing styles in which cuts are inserted affected perception, confirming the initial hypothesis. These results could be of great interest and utility for creators of audiovisual content and the management of attention in their work.

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Eyeblink rate watching classical Hollywood and post-classical MTV editing styles, in media and non-media professionals

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Looking at reality versus watching screens: Media professionalization effects on the spontaneous eyeblink rate

Looking at reality versus watching screens: Media professionalization effects on the spontaneous eyeblink rate

The Effect of Media Professionalization on Cognitive Neurodynamics During Audiovisual Cuts

Perception of cuts in different editing styles

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