Eyelid squinting during food-pecking in pigeons

Ostheim, Joachim; Delius, Julia A. M.; Delius, Juan D.

doi:10.1242/jeb.223313

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(57 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…But the lower lid and nictitating membrane could also provide this protection. A paper by Ostheim and colleagues [29] raised another possibility. The amount of light focused on the retina by the cornea and lens is related to the size of the pupil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Various Ways in Which Birds Blink

Morris,

Parsons

2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has, to date, been no systematic study of the various ways in which birds blink. Digital video recordings were made, and studied using still frames, of 524 bird species, mainly in zoos but also in the wild. Videos on 106 species from various sites on the internet were studied, some of which we had also videoed, giving a total of 591 (out of a possible 10,000) species from all 43 orders and 125 (out of a possible 249) families. Digital video recordings were also made of 15 (out of a possible 24) species of crocodile. Three types of blink were observed in birds: (1) Nictitating membrane blinks were rapid and brief (phasic) and occurred mainly on head movement. (2) Upper lid blinks were seen in parrots, owls, pigeons and some others. These were also rapid and brief and accompanied nictitating membrane blinks. (3) Lower lid blinks were slow and sustained (tonic) and occurred with drowsiness and preening. Nictitating membrane blinks and lower lid blinks were seen in crocodiles but not upper lid blinks. Globe retraction, where the eyeball is pulled into the orbit of the skull during a blink, was seen in crocodiles but not birds. Phasic blinks remove debris and moisten the cornea, essential for allowing oxygen to diffuse into the cornea, which has no blood supply. Tonic blinks are probably mainly protective. The orders of birds which have upper lid blinking are not closely related and this feature is probably the result of convergent evolution.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of light focused on the retina by the cornea and lens is related to the size of the pupil. Ostheim and colleagues [29] showed that, in the case of pigeons, the eyelids may also play a role under certain conditions. They found that during pecking, pigeons do not close their eyes completely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Various Ways in Which Birds Blink

Morris,

Parsons

2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Theoretically, we concluded that the eyelid movement not only depends on the periorbital sheet but also the movement of the skeletal elements of the skull during the feeding system. Ostheim et al (2020) studies the eyelid squinting during food pecking in pigeons. It was confirmed that the feeding and sensory systems are integrated systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Kinetic of eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

Mahmoud

Shawki

Abdel‐Mageed

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study gives a comprehensive description of eyelids movement in little owl and discusses the impact of some surrounding conditions in kinetic performance of these eyelids. The present study used the video's recording technique to record the kinetic activity of lids, beside the anatomical, and the histological studies of the eyelids structure. The present authors found that the fundemental eyelids movements can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their anatomical relationships that confirmed also via video record of kinetic performance of these eyelids. The results show that levator palpebrae muscle split into many directions as a main generate motor to increasing the movement of the upper lid. In other side, the contraction of Depressor palpebral inferioris muscle together with the active upward forces of levator palpebrae muscle resultin g in opening the eye. While, the closure of lids arise from the passive downward forces and relaxation of the levator palpebrae and Depressor palpebral inferioris muscle as well as, the cooperation action of retractor anguli oculi lateralis and medialis muscle. The results also recorded that NM movement is reversely proportion to the level of kinetic of other eyelids. . The mobility of Nm in little owl occurs under effect artificially external stress. These anatomical data and sequence video records have confirmed that the upper eyelid move more compare to other lids. The present authors also suggest that the mobility of lids may stimulate through external pressure force of some surrounding structure like periorbital sheet. Also, the histological study exhibited that the structure of two eyelids is very similar in the little owl and the variability are showing in the number of cell layers that forms their epithelium of skin and palpebral surfaces, the distribution of pigment granules within them, as well as, the degree of keratinization on their surface.

show abstract

“…Theoretically, we concluded that the eyelid movement depends not only on the periorbital sheet but also on the movement of the skeletal elements of the skull during feeding. Ostheim et al (2020) studied the eyelid squinting during food pecking in pigeons. It was confirmed that the feeding and sensory systems are integrated systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the kinetics of the eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study gives a comprehensive description of eyelids movement in little owl and discusses the impact of some surrounding conditions in their kinetic performance. The present study used the video's recording technique to record the kinetic activity of eyelids, besides the anatomical and histological studies of the eyelid's structure. The fundamental eyelid movements can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their anatomical relationship that was confirmed via video recording for their kinetic activity. The levator palpebrae muscle is considered a main generating motor for the upper eyelid; in the little owl, this muscle splits into multiple directions and is distinguished from the levator palpebrae superioris (Lps) and the levator anguli oculi (Lao) muscle. That anatomical pattern of insertion increases the movement of the upper lid. On the other side, the contraction of depressor palpebrae inferioris (Dpi) muscle and the active upward forces of levator palpebrae muscle help in increasing the opening of the eye's fissure. However, the closure process is produced from the passive downward forces and relaxation of the levator palpebrae superioris (Lps), levator anguli oculi (Lao), and depressor palpebrae inferioris muscle, as well as the contraction of retractor anguli oculi lateralis (Raol) and medialis (Raom) muscle. The present results also recorded that nictitating membrane's (Nm) movement is reversely proportionate to the level of kinetic of other eyelids. The mobility of Nm in little owl occurs under the effect of artificial external stress. These anatomical data and sequence video recordings have confirmed that the upper eyelid moves more compared to other eyelids. The authors also suggest that the mobility of eyelids may get stimulated through external pressure force of some surrounding structure like the periorbital sheet. Also, the histological study exhibited that the structure of two eyelids is very similar in the little owl and the variability is showing in the number of cell layers that forms their epithelium of skin and palpebral surfaces, the distribution of pigment granules, and degree of keratinization on their surface. That variability in the histological characters of eyelids may counteract the abrasive forces occurring during the opening and closing processes.

show abstract

Eyelid squinting during food-pecking in pigeons

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

The Various Ways in Which Birds Blink

The Various Ways in Which Birds Blink

Analysis of Kinetic of eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

Analysis of the kinetics of the eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About