Eyes of Molluscs and Arthropods

Patten, William

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050010105

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The eye of Pecten has been described histologically many times (see Patten, 1886;Dakin, 1910). There has, however, been no serious attempt to examine it as an optical system, nor to assess the nature and quality of the visual image that such an eye produces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Image formation by a concave reflector in the eye of the scallop, Pecten maximus.

Land¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

152

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Image formation by a concave reflector in the eye of the scallop, Pecten maximus.

Land¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

152

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…7B) has been described by Patten (1886), and Dakin (1910Dakin ( , 1928 and Morton (1980Morton ( , 1993Morton ( , 1996Morton ( , 2000b have described the eyes of other pectinids, including species of Spondylus (Linnaeus, 1758), Amusium Röding, 1798, Leptopecten Verrill, 1897, Minnivola Iredale, 1939, and Placopecten Verrill, 1897. The eyes are located on the middle mantle fold with more on the mantle margin of the upper right valve than the lower left [see, for example, the description of Amusium pleuronectes (Linnaeus, 1758) by Morton (1980)].…”

Section: Pectinidae: Pecten Pusiomentioning

confidence: 95%

The Evolution of Eyes in the Bivalvia: New Insights*

Morton¹

2008

American Malacological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two types of multi-cellular eyes have been identified in the Bivalvia. Paired cephalic eyes occurring internally above the anterior end of the ctenidia are seen only in representatives of the Arcoidea, Limopsoidea, Mytiloidea, Anomioidea, Ostreoidea, and Limoidea. These eyes, comprising a pit of photo-sensory cells and a simple lens, are thought to represent the earliest method of photoreception. Many shallow-water marine, estuarine, and freshwater bivalves also possess simple photoreceptive cells in the mantle that enable them to respond to shadows. In some other marine, shallow-water taxa, however, a second type of more complex photoreceptors has evolved. These comprise ectopic pallial eyes that can be divided into three broad categories, in terms of their locations on the (i) outer mantle fold in representatives of the Arcoidea, Limopsoidea, Pterioidea, and Anomioidea, (ii) middle fold in the Pectinoidea and Limoidea, and (iii) inner fold in the Cardioidea, Tridacnoidea, and Laternulidae (Anomalodesmata). Eyes do not occur in deep-sea bivalve taxa. Where ectopic pallial eyes occur, they measure amounts of light and integrate intensities from different directions, thereby supplying information to the individual possessing them about the distribution of light in its immediate environment. This does not mean, however, despite broad, phylogenetically related advances in pallial eye complexity, that any bivalve can perceive an image. A revised picture of the independent evolution of ectopic pallial eyes in the Bivalvia is provided. In bivalves, pallial fold duplication has resulted in improvements to the peripheral visual senses, albeit at different times in different phylogenies and on different components of the mantle margin. This has been achieved, it is herein argued, through: (i) selective gene-induced ectopism; (ii) pigment cup evagination in Category 1 eyes; (iii) invagination in Categories 2 and 3; and (iv) natural selection. The invaginated distal retina in representatives of the Pectinidae and Laternulidae provides the potential for image formation and the detection of movement. In the absence of optic lobes capable of synthesizing such information, however, these complex eyes must await matching cerebral sophistication.

show abstract

“…Two of the most complex and unusual eye types in bivalves are in the ark clams (Arcoida) and the scallops (Pectinidae). Two eye types are found in the ark clams, a simple cup eye and a multifaceted compound eye (Nilsson 1994;Patten 1887;Waller 1980). The compound eye is similar to the structure of the arthropod compound eye but is evolutionarily independent (Nilsson and Kelber 2007).…”

Section: More Complex (And More Kinds) Of Eyes: the Bivalvesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Charting Evolution’s Trajectory: Using Molluscan Eye Diversity to Understand Parallel and Convergent Evolution

Serb

Eernisse

2008

Evo Edu Outreach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For over 100 years, molluscan eyes have been used as an example of convergent evolution and, more recently, as a textbook example of stepwise evolution of a complex lens eye via natural selection. Yet, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that create the eye and generate different morphologies. Assessing molluscan eye diversity and understanding how this diversity came about will be important to developing meaningful interpretations of evolutionary processes. This paper provides an introduction to the myriad of eye types found in molluscs, focusing on some of the more unusual structures. We discuss how molluscan eyes can be applied to the study of evolution by examining patterns of convergent and parallel evolution and provide several examples, including the putative convergence of the camera-type eyes of cephalopods and vertebrates.

show abstract

Eyes of Molluscs and Arthropods

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Image formation by a concave reflector in the eye of the scallop, Pecten maximus.

Image formation by a concave reflector in the eye of the scallop, Pecten maximus.

The Evolution of Eyes in the Bivalvia: New Insights*

Charting Evolution’s Trajectory: Using Molluscan Eye Diversity to Understand Parallel and Convergent Evolution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About