Eyes wide shut: implied social presence, eye tracking and attention

Risko, Evan F.; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.3758/s13414-010-0042-1

Cited by 146 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…All participants then proceeded to perform a computer-based task. This filler task was an exact replication of the Risko and Kingstone (2011) original task, where participants were asked to complete a 6-minute cueing experiment (Frischen, Bayliss & Tipper, 2007) alone in a room on a computer. In this room the provocative stimulus was 90 • to the right of the participant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test between the sustained and transient presence hypotheses, we modified the paradigm developed by Risko and Kingstone (2011). The modified task involved three phases.…”

Section: Present Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the working assumptions underlying eye tracking research is that typical looking behaviour is unaffected by wearing the eye tracker and the knowledge that one's eyes are being monitored. It was surprising then when Risko and Kingstone (2011) discovered that looking behaviour is affected by wearing an eye tracker. When provided with the opportunity to look at a sexy swimsuit calendar mounted on a wall, the vast majority of participants chose not to do so if their eyes were being monitored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of an implied social presence has recently been extended to the domain of visual attention vis-a-vis eye tracking (Risko & Kingstone, 2011). One of the working assumptions underlying eye tracking research is that typical looking behaviour is unaffected by wearing the eye tracker and the knowledge that one's eyes are being monitored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass recording one's head turn to look at an attractive individual) the data from Risko and Kingstone (2011) suggest that people will adopt prosocial looking behaviours and avoid acts that would present them in a negative light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Wearable computing: Will it make people prosocial?

Nasiopoulos

Risko

Foulsham

et al. 2014

British J of Psychology

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We recently reported that people who wear an eye tracker modify their natural looking behaviour in a prosocial manner. This change in looking behaviour represents a potential concern for researchers who wish to use eye trackers to understand the functioning of human attention. On the other hand, it may offer a real boon to manufacturers and consumers of wearable computing (e.g., Google Glass), for if wearable computing causes people to behave in a prosocial manner, then the public's fear that people with wearable computing will invade their privacy is unfounded. Critically, both of these divergent implications are grounded on the assumption that the prosocial behavioural effect of wearing an eye tracker is sustained for a prolonged period of time. Our study reveals that on the very first wearing of an eye tracker, and in less than 10 minutes, the prosocial effect of an eye tracker is abolished, but by drawing attention back to the eye tracker the implied presence effect is easily reactivated. This suggests that eye trackers induce a transient social presence effect which is rendered dormant when attention is shifted away from the source of implied presence. This is good news for researchers who use eye trackers to measure attention and behaviour; and could be bad news for advocates of wearable computing in everyday life.Words:217

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test between the sustained and transient presence hypotheses, we modified the paradigm developed by Risko and Kingstone (2011). The modified task involved three phases.…”

Section: Present Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Wearable computing: Will it make people prosocial?

Nasiopoulos

Risko

Foulsham

et al. 2014

British J of Psychology

Self Cite

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Eye‐Tracking and Assessing Sexual Interest in Forensic Contexts

Hogue

Wesson

Perkins

2016

The Wiley Handbook on the Theories, Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offending

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Over the past 30 years, within forensic contexts there has been increasing interest in the use of assessments based on behavioural and implicit assessment processes. Eye‐tracking, the ability to identify and track where an individual is looking, has increasingly been used to infer underlying cognitive processes related to observed behaviour. Within forensic contexts, the ability to monitor where an individual is looking, and by implication what they are interested in, is increasingly being seen as one potential way to gain objective information about offender cognitions. Eye‐tracking has been used to study general factors related to sexual interest within non‐offending samples and is increasingly being used to assess inappropriate or deviant sexual interest in offending populations. This chapter overviews the concept of eye‐tracking as a methodology, describes a number of different areas where it has been used, and then discusses in more detail how eye‐tracking is currently being used to assess normal and deviant sexual interest.

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Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture

Risko

Anderson

Sarwal

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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361

312

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Understanding the factors underlying variation in attentional state is critical in a number of domains. Here, we investigate the relation between time on task and mind wandering (i.e., a state of decoupled attention) in the context of a lecture. Lectures are the primary means of knowledge transmission in post secondary education rendering an understanding of attentional variations in lectures a pressing practical concern. We report two experiments wherein participants watched a video recorded lecture either alone (Experiment 1) or in a classroom context (Experiment 2). Participants responded to mind wandering probes at various times in the lecture in an effort to track variations in mind wandering over time. In addition, following the lecture, memory for the lecture material was tested. Results demonstrate that in a lecture mind wandering increases with time on task and memory for the lecture material decreases. In addition, there was a significant relation between mind wandering and memory for lecture material. Theoretical and practical applications of the present results are discussed.

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Eyes wide shut: implied social presence, eye tracking and attention

Cited by 146 publications

References 33 publications

Wearable computing: Will it make people prosocial?

Wearable computing: Will it make people prosocial?

Eye‐Tracking and Assessing Sexual Interest in Forensic Contexts

Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture

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