Eyewitness identification under stress in the London Dungeon

Valentine, Tim; Mesout, Jan

doi:10.1002/acp.1463

Cited by 83 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nowicki et al (1979) found, for example, that anxiety correlated with face recognition, but only in female observers. Similarly, Valentine and Mesout (2009) observed that eyewitness identification was modulated by anxiety on target-present lineups, and this effect was particularly pronounced in female observers, in whom identification accuracy was twice as low as in male ! eyewitnesses (25.9% vs. 65.5%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Individual differences in personality and face identification

Megreya

Bindemann

2013

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Word count (excluding abstract, figure legends and references): 3052 2 ! AbstractUnfamiliar face identification is characterized by substantial variation between individual observers, but the cause of this variation is largely unknown. This study investigated whether individual differences in face identification are linked to an observerÕs personality, by combining performance on an established face-matching test with two in-depth personality assessments (the 16PF5 and the NEO-PI-R). The face test revealed a broad distribution in identification ability, but associations between face perception and personality were found only in female observers. In this group, correct face identifications related to low anxiety, low tension, and high emotional stability. These results suggest that associations between personality and face perception are limited, and are confined to anxiety and facets of neuroticism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Individual differences in personality and face identification

Megreya

Bindemann

2013

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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“…This sort of catastrophic decline in memory performance has been noted in the eyewitness memory literature (e.g. Bothwell, Brigham, & Pigott, 1987;Morgan et al, 2004;Peters, 1988;Valentine & Mesout, 2008). Valentine and Mesout directly tested the prediction of the three-dimensional anxiety-performance model that there would be a catastrophic decline in eyewitness identification performance under real world conditions of heightened stress and confirmed this prediction.…”

Section: Our Knowledge Of the Effect Of Heightened Stressmentioning

confidence: 83%

Estimating the impact of estimator variables on eyewitness identification: A fruitful marriage of practical problem solving and psychological theorizing

Deffenbacher

2008

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The trier of fact has the practical problem of trying to estimate the impact of several estimator variables on the reliability of an eyewitness's identification. Until relatively recently, psychologists were either unsure as to the direction and magnitude of effect on eyewitness memory of certain estimator variables (e.g. heightened stress) or could offer the trier of fact only vague empirical generalizations (e.g. forgetting increases over time, most rapidly at first). At present, however, a number of meta-analytic reviews of the effects of certain estimator variables have accumulated, as have a number of theoretical analyses of their operation in the eyewitness identification context, theoretical treatments resulting from fruitful application of theories from cognitive psychology and behavioural neuroscience. The combined accumulations are now sufficient to constitute a 'critical mass' of knowledge, thereby permitting the trier of fact to gain more precise information regarding the impact of these estimator variables on the fidelity of eyewitness report.A century ago, there appeared a slim, but controversial volume of essays, On the Witness Stand (Münsterberg, 1908), in which the author claimed that applied psychology could make substantial contributions to the improved operation of the courts and criminal justice system, contributions yielding improvements in the quality of justice. Münsterberg's claim was a bold one, inasmuch as any of the data from experimental psychology laboratories that he wished to apply to the intersection of psychology and criminal justice were at most a quarter of a century old, much of the data having been generated in studies of sensory psychology and perception. Nevertheless, Münsterberg clearly stated his belief that experimental psychology had had sufficient time to develop a solid foundation of knowledge, a foundation sufficient for an applied psychology to grow and prosper. On the other hand, the data generated by applied psychology studies, seemingly more directly relevant to his claim that psychology could assist the law, were even more sparse than that coming from basic research laboratories. After all, research pertaining to the psychology of testimony had been underway for little more than 5 years, having begun with the publication of the monograph La Suggestibilité (Binet, 1900). APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 22: 815-826 (2008) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)

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“…After the visit, the subjects were asked to describe and indentify somebody from the labyrinth. Results showed that a high state of anxiety, associated with a high heart rate in subjects, was associated with more incorrect responses and more incorrect details described (Valentine & Mesout, 2008).…”

Section: Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this mode, memory performance will be modestly increased up to a certain degree of stress but will then dramatically decrease because of the high cognitive anxiety and physiological activation (Deffenbacher et al, 2004). In one study of visitors to the London Dungeon by Valentine and Mesout (2008), subjects were asked to wear a wireless heart rate monitor while visiting the horror labyrinth. After the visit, the subjects were asked to describe and indentify somebody from the labyrinth.…”

Section: Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maltreated Children's Memory of Stressful Removals from Their Biological Parents

Baugerud

Melinder

2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The effects of stress on memory were examined through a study of 33 3 to 12-year-old maltreated children removed from their biological parents by the Child Protective Services because of an emergency (acute) or normal (planned) care order. Children's stress levels were rated by a researcher present during the removal and children's memory of the removal investigated at a later time. The type of removal significantly predicted children's level of stress. 'Acute removal' children remembered more from high-stress phases of the removal than the 'planned removal' children. All children had more accurate memories of the low-stress phases. Details remembered were rated as central or peripheral; more central information was recalled than peripheral information. The 'acute removal' children recalled more peripheral information from the high-stress phases of the removal than the low-stress phases, a difference, which was not present for the 'planned removal' children.

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Eyewitness identification under stress in the London Dungeon

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Individual differences in personality and face identification

Individual differences in personality and face identification

Estimating the impact of estimator variables on eyewitness identification: A fruitful marriage of practical problem solving and psychological theorizing

Maltreated Children's Memory of Stressful Removals from Their Biological Parents

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