Eyewitness Performance in Cognitive and Structured Interviews

Memon, Amina; Wark, Linsey; Holley, Angela; Bull, Ray; Koehnken, Guenter

doi:10.1080/741941481

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, 73% of the errors in the current study were in response to specific questions about the face and perhaps our questions had the effect of lowering response criterion as is typical when recall is probed with questions (e.g. Memon et al, 1997). Despite the fact that our questioning procedure 'forced' errors in descriptions, we did not get a significant overshadowing effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

The effects of verbalization on face recognition in young and older adults

Memon

Bartlett²

2002

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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To explore the forensic implications of 'verbal overshadowing' in young and older eyewitnesses, we examined the effects of providing a verbal face description on subsequent performance in a lineup task. Young (18-30 years) and older (60-80 years) adults viewed a videotaped crime and performed some unrelated cognitive tasks. Participants in the experimental condition were then asked to supply a description of the target person in the event or to perform a control task. Upon completing the description/control task participants attempted to identify the target person from a target present photo-lineup presented in a sequential or simultaneous mode. Older participants made more false choices and sequential testing reduced correct choices. There was a weak trend consistent with verbal overshadowing that was unrelated to age as well as measures of verbal and face-matching expertise. Although overshadowing reduced performance only slightly, it appeared to affect the selfreported use of a feature-matching strategy linked to accurate decisions by young adults and inaccurate decisions by senior adults.One intriguing finding in the cognitive literature is that verbally describing a stimulus can impair our ability to visually recognize that stimulus. This effect, termed verbal overshadowing, was first demonstrated by Jonathan Schooler and colleagues using faces and has been extended to memories for colours, music and fine wines (Dodson et al.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

The effects of verbalization on face recognition in young and older adults

Memon

Bartlett²

2002

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…The specific risk factors noted do, however, provide numerous clues or starting points for secondary interviews of cases where the use of specific questions could more effectively identify or eliminate suspected sources. This type of approach has proven useful in interviews to identify sexual partners (5), is part of the cognitive interview technique used in criminal investigations (22), and is being applied to food-borne disease investigations (18). PFGE cluster N (Sm0046:Kp0026) is indistinguishable from a familial common-source outbreak linked to precooked sausages distributed by a particular butcher in Christchurch (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

et al. 2006

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Since 2002, New Zealand's incidence of campylobacteriosis has exceeded 300 cases per 100,000 people per annum. To evaluate genetic variation in human isolates, 183 Campylobacter isolates were collected from a single clinical laboratory in Christchurch: 77 during an 8-week period in spring, and the rest 3 months later over a second 8-week period in autumn. Isolates were identified to the species level and subtyped using Penner serotyping (Campylobacter jejuni only) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using both SmaI and KpnI. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates could be grouped into clusters of between 2 and 26 isolates with indistinguishable SmaI and KpnI patterns. Less than 10% of the isolates were of the same type between the two sampling periods. The epidemiological relevance of the PFGE clusters was supported by temporal clustering, some spatial clustering, and some statistically significant demographic similarities among cases in a cluster. Conversely, patient cases yielding isolates which did not cluster with isolates from other cases were more likely to report recent overseas travel and less likely to live within larger urban centers. To identify whether these clusters actually represent common-source outbreaks, however, would require the detailed, rapid, and reiterative epidemiological investigation of cases within a PFGE cluster. The combined and timely application of subtyping and epidemiological investigation would appear to be a promising strategy for understanding campylobacteriosis in New Zealand.

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“…Following earlier research in the field (Milne & Bull, 2002;Memon, Bull, & Smith, 1995;Memon, Wark, Holley, Bull, & Köhnken, 1997), the details were then classified into four categories: person (for example, man with the gun was fat), action (e.g. man 2 runs toward the woman), object (white car) and location (deserted street).…”

Section: Coding and Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the efficacy of the cognitive interview in a developing country

Stein

Memon

2006

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Prior research has shown that the cognitive interview (CI) can be used to elicit a more complete and accurate report from eyewitnesses, but the bulk of the research has involved testing witnesses with high levels of education. In the present experiment, we examined whether the CI was effective with witnesses who were not college educated. Employees of the cleaning service of a University in Brazil witnessed a simulated armed abduction. They were then interviewed with a CI or standard interview (SI). Replicating earlier research, there was a significant increase in the number of correct details reported when witnesses were interviewed using CI with no cost to accuracy. This experiment provides the first test of the CI in a developing country and the implications for police interviewing practices in Latin America will be discussed.The cognitive interview (CI) is one of the most exciting developments in forensic psychology in the last 20 years. It comprises a series of memory retrieval techniques designed to increase the amount of information that can be obtained from an eyewitness. It can help investigators obtain a more complete and accurate report from interviewees. The CI is based upon known psychological principles of remembering and retrieval of information from memory. To date, some 65 empirical studies of CI have been conducted, however, almost every study with adults has used an educated sample (university students) as interviewees and the to-be-remembered events tend to be fairly mundane (see Memon, in press for a recent review). The present research examines for the first time, the efficacy of the CI using a sample from a low socio-economic background with minimal education. The study is also one of the few to examine the efficacy of the CI using an emotionally charged event (a staged kidnapping involving a firearm).There were two main forces behind the development of the CI. The first was a need to improve the practices of police interviewers when gathering information from eyewitnesses (Fisher, Geiselman, & Raymond, 1987). The second was an attempt to apply psychological research on the storage and retrieval of episodic events to eyewitness memory. Elizabeth Loftus's research had already paved the way by dispelling the myth that memory operates like a video camera. She had also shown that memory research findings APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 20: 597-605 (2006) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).

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Eyewitness Performance in Cognitive and Structured Interviews

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of verbalization on face recognition in young and older adults

The effects of verbalization on face recognition in young and older adults

Application of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Identify Potential Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand

Testing the efficacy of the cognitive interview in a developing country

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