F-66 Comparison of Various XRF Quantitative Methods for Determination of Toxic Elements in Supplements

Palmer, Peter T.; Hamdani, J.; Jacobs, R.

doi:10.1154/1.3175987

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…FDA provides no limits for toxic elements in these products, with products reviewed on a case by case basis. However, studies have shown that some dietary supplements can contain toxic elements up to percent levels [25,19,20,17,12], and XRF is clearly a valuable tool for efficiently and rapidly identifying such contaminated products. Development of new regulatory limits for toxic and catalytic elements in drugs in both Europe [6] and the U.S. [32] is stimulating the development of XRF methods [10,5].…”

Section: Recommendations For Xrf Use For Field Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ried out properly. To give a few examples, XRF has been used to determine toxic elements in supplements [25,19,20,17,12], chromium in medical-grade stainless steel instruments [18], bromine in flour [2], mercury in face creams [21,13,34], zinc and titanium in sunscreens [4], silver nanoparticles in supplements [24], lead poisoning investigations [23], and Regulation of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)/Waste Electrical and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) type applications (monitoring lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium in consumer products) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Best Practices for the Use of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers to Screen for Toxic Elements in FDA-Regulated Products

Palmer¹,

Jacobs²,

Yee³

et al. 2019

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Globalization of trade has made it easy for consumers to purchase products from all over the world. A small fraction of these products contain toxic elements that may pose a health risk to consumers, and there is a clear need for small, portable, and fast methods to rapidly screen these products. Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzers are the ideal tool for this application, as they involve minimal sample preparation and analysis times of a minute or less. XRF is also well suited for elemental analysis of products that are resistant to traditional hydrochloric/nitric acid digestions such as cosmetics and dietary supplements, and can prevent contamination of expensive Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments used for ultra-trace level analyses. Moreover, XRF can be used to monitor most of the elements in the periodic table, with detection limits as low as 1-10 ppm for some elements. This article describes an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) field study to screen for consumer products containing toxic elements at an International Mail Facility (IMF). After brief training and hands-on activities using real-world samples, two three-person teams using two portable XRF systems analyzed 183 different products over a seven-hour time period, and found 10 that contained significant levels of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and/or selenium (Se), potentially in violation of FDA’s requirements. The goal of this article is to provide guidelines and recommendations for safe, reliable, and efficient use of XRF to screen for toxic elements in FDA-regulated products.

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