F27. Subcortical Volumes in Social Anxiety Disorder: Preliminary Results From Enigma-Anxiety

Groenewold, Nynke A.; Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie; Amod, Alyssa R.; Velzen, Laura S. van; Aghajani, Moji; Filippi, Courtney; Gold, Andrea L.; Ching, Christopher R. K.; Roelofs, Karin; Furmark, Tomas; Månsson, Kristoffer; Straube, Thomas; Peterburs, Jutta; Klumpp, Heide; Phan, K. Luan; Löchner, Christine; Doruyter, Alexander; Pujol, Jesús; Cardoner, Narcı́s; Blanco‐Hinojo, Laura; Beesdo‐Baum, Katja; Hilbert, Kevin; Kreifelts, Benjamin; Erb, Michael; Gong, Qiyong; Lui, Su; Soares, Jair C.; Wu, Mon-Ju; Westenberg, P. Michiel; Grotegerd, Dominik; Leehr, Elisabeth J.; Dannlowski, Udo; Zwanzger, Peter; Veltman, Dick J.; Pine, Daniel S.; Jahanshad, Neda; Thompson, Paul M.; Stein, Dan J.; Wee, Nic J.A. van der

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.640

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Similarly, patients with GAD showed a significantly reduced GMV in the left thalamus compared with HC ( 67 ). SAD patients with a higher symptom severity tended to have smaller subcortical volumes, with a trend for lower volume in the left thalamus in SAD patients relative to controls ( 17 ). The thalamus is an integral part of the emotion modulation, emotional salience and cognitive/executive networks ( 68 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis

et al. 2018

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The current insight into the neurobiological pathogenesis underlying social anxiety disorder (SAD) is still rather limited. We implemented a meta-analysis to explore the neuroanatomical basis of SAD. We undertook a systematic search of studies comparing gray matter volume (GMV) differences between SAD patients and healthy controls (HC) using a whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach. The anisotropic effect size version of seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analysis was conducted to explore the GMV differences of SAD patients compared with HC. We included eleven studies with 470 SAD patients and 522 HC in the current meta-analysis. In the main meta-analysis, relative to HC, SAD patients showed larger GMVs in the left precuneus, right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) and supplementary motor area (SMA), as well as smaller GMV in the left putamen. In the subgroup analyses, compared with controls, adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with SAD exhibited larger GMVs in the left precuneus, right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), MOG and SMA, as well as a smaller GMV in the left thalamus; SAD patients without comorbid depressive disorder exhibited larger GMVs in the left superior parietal gyrus and precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, MTG and superior temporal gyrus (STG), as well as a smaller GMV in the bilateral thalami; and currently drug-free patients with SAD exhibited a smaller GMV in the left thalamus compared with HC while no larger GMVs were found. For SAD patients with different clinical features, our study revealed directionally consistent larger cortical GMVs and smaller subcortical GMVs, including locationally consistent larger precuneus and thalamic deficits in the left brain. Age, comorbid depressive disorder and concomitant medication use of the patients might be potential confounders of SAD at the neuroanatomical level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, it should be mentioned that we could not replicate previous findings on SAD-related changes in CT in frontal areas like the superior frontal gyrus, the caudal middle frontal cortex, the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, and the precentral gyrus, nor did we found changes in CT in the caudal ACC, the insula, the superior parietal gyrus, the precuneus, the postcentral gyrus, and the inferior temporal gyrus. Taken together, the inconsistency of the results, as well as the small effect sizes [ 54 ] and the fact that p -values often don't survive comparison for multiple comparisons (this study and [ 54 , 55 ]) indicate that studies with large sample sizes and meta-analyses such as those performed by the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium [ [183] , [184] , [185] ] are needed to increase the reproducibility and validity of results of studies on the relation between social anxiety and cortical thickness [ 186 ]. The results of the present study could serve as a starting point for such future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical brain volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area in families genetically enriched for social anxiety disorder – A multiplex multigenerational neuroimaging study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a genetic background. Brain alterations in gray matter (GM) related to SAD have been previously reported, but it remains to be elucidated whether GM measures are candidate endophenotypes of SAD. Endophenotypes are measurable characteristics on the causal pathway from genotype to phenotype, providing insight in genetically-based disease mechanisms. Based on a review of existing evidence, we examined whether GM characteristics meet two endophenotype criteria, using data from a unique sample of SAD-patients and their family-members of two generations. First, we investigated whether GM characteristics co-segregate with social anxiety within families genetically enriched for SAD. Secondly, heritability of the GM characteristics was estimated.MethodsFamilies with a genetic predisposition for SAD participated in the Leiden Family Lab study on SAD; T1-weighted MRI brain scans were acquired (n = 110, 8 families). Subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area were determined for a-priori determined regions of interest (ROIs). Next, associations with social anxiety and heritabilities were estimated.FindingsSeveral subcortical and cortical GM characteristics, derived from frontal, parietal and temporal ROIs, co-segregated with social anxiety within families (uncorrected p-level) and showed moderate to high heritability.InterpretationThese findings provide preliminary evidence that GM characteristics of multiple ROIs, which are distributed over the brain, are candidate endophenotypes of SAD. Thereby, they shed light on the genetic vulnerability for SAD. Future research is needed to confirm these results and to link them to functional brain alterations and to genetic variations underlying these GM changes.FundLeiden University Research Profile ‘Health, Prevention and the Human Life Cycle’.

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“…The starting point of the anxiety group was an international voxel-based morphometry mega-analysis on social anxiety disorder 105 , supported by findings demonstrating that structural brain alterations related to social anxiety run in families 106 . At present, the anxiety WG has four subgroups including over 5000 patients: besides social anxiety disorder (1250 patients) 107 , there are groups devoted to generalized anxiety disorder (1329 patients), panic disorder (1300 patients), and specific phobia (1224 patients), allowing for disorder-specific and cross-disorder comparisons. The antisocial behavior WG aims to clarify how conduct disorder, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder relate to differences in brain structure, function, and connectivity.…”

Section: Newly Established Working Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diseases studied include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, and several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, ataxia, and stroke. In recent years, new WGs were created that grew into worldwide consortia on epilepsy (Whelan et al 9 ), eating disorders (King et al 104 ), anxiety disorders (Groenewold et al 107 ), antisocial behavior, and infant neuroimaging. 7,91 ; Klein et al 47 ;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Thompson¹,

Jahanshad²,

Ching³

et al. 2020

Transl Psychiatry

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This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

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F27. Subcortical Volumes in Social Anxiety Disorder: Preliminary Results From Enigma-Anxiety

Cited by 13 publications

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Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis

Gray Matter Structural Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis

Subcortical brain volumes, cortical thickness and cortical surface area in families genetically enriched for social anxiety disorder – A multiplex multigenerational neuroimaging study

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

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