Fabricatable Interconnect and Molecular QCA Circuits

Two-Layer Planarization Parameterized by Feedback Edge Set

“…We can show that our kernelization results for 2LP can be extended to the closely related NP-hard Node Duplication based Crossing Elimination(NDCE) problem [2]. In NDCE the task is to transform an input graph into a forest of caterpillar trees by a minimum number of node duplications.…”

“…Herein, duplicating a vertex v means to delete v, add two new vertices v 1 , v 2 , and make every former neighbor of v adjacent to exactly one of v 1 or v 2 . NDCE arises in the design of molecular quantum-dot cellular automata [2] and visualization of gene ontologies in bioinformatics [18]. Chaudhary et al [2] showed the NPhardness of NDCE and presented an ILP formulation for it.…”

Design of Low Hardware Complexity Multiplexer Using NAND Gates on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

“…The main building block of QCA circuits is majority gate and consequently the other logic circuits are implemented based on majority gate [19]. The functionality of multiplexer is shown in equation (4). A and B are the two inputs and S is used to select one between the two inputs.…”

“…Although providing similar functionality has not been the most pressing focus for emerging nanoscale devices, many should still be able to promise at least one additional circuit "layer" for crossings (as efficient methods are essential to continue scaling at the system level). For example, systems of nanowires and nanotubes are orthogonal to each other and can leverage CMOS-like vias to cross signals [4].…”

Implementation Of One bit Parallel Memory Cell using Quatum Dot Cellular Automata

“…QCA structures are mostly designed using coplanar wire crossing. However, this type of wire crossing is enormously prone to external effects as well as crosstalk [7].In [8] a successful attempt is reported to design a multiplexer circuit without using coplanar wire crossing. In [9], three clock zones based approach is used to design a modular multiplexer.…”