Fabrication and assessment of potent anticancer nanoconjugates from chitosan nanoparticles, curcumin, and eugenol

Abstract

In cancer management and control, the most challenging difficulties are the complications resulting from customized therapies. The constitution of bioactive anticancer nanoconjugates from natural derivatives, e.g., chitosan (Ct), curcumin (Cur), and eugenol (Eug), was investigated for potential alternatives to cancer cells’ treatment. Ct was extracted from Erugosquilla massavensis (mantis shrimp); then, Ct nanoparticles (NCt) was fabricated and loaded with Cur and/or Eug using crosslinking emulsion/ionic-gelation protocol and evaluated as anticancer composites against CaCo2 “colorectal adenocarcinoma” and MCF7 “breast adenocarcinoma” cells. Ct had 42.6 kDa molecular weight and 90.7% deacetylation percentage. The conjugation of fabricated molecules/composites and their interactions were validated via infrared analysis. The generated nanoparticles (NCt, NCt/Cur, NCt/Eug, and NCt/Cur/Eug composites) had mean particle size diameters of 268.5, 314.9, 296.4, and 364.7 nm, respectively; the entire nanoparticles carried positive charges nearby ≥30 mV. The scanning imaging of synthesized nanoconjugates (NCt/Cur, NCt/Eug, and NCt/Cur/Eug) emphasized their homogenous distributions and spherical shapes. The cytotoxic assessments of composited nanoconjugates using the MTT assay, toward CaCo2 and MCF7 cells, revealed elevated anti-proliferative and dose-dependent activities of all nanocomposites against treated cells. The combined nanocomposites (NCt/Eug/Cur) emphasized the highest activity against CaCo2 cells (IC50 = 11.13 μg/ml), followed by Cur/Eug then NCt/Cur. The exposure of CaCo2 cells to the nanocomposites exhibited serious DNA damages and fragmentation in exposed cancerous cells using the comet assay; the NCt/Eug/Cur nanocomposite was the most forceful with 9.54 nm tail length and 77.94 tail moment. The anticancer effectuality of innovatively combined NCt/Cur/Eug nanocomposites is greatly recommended for such biosafe, natural, biocompatible, and powerful anticancer materials, especially for combating colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, with elevated applicability, efficiency, and biosafety.

Antimicrobial Nanocomposites from Chitosan and Squash Synthesized Nano‐Selenium Eradicate Skin Pathogens

“…[36] The interactions between SqM/ SeNPs and NCht resulted in diverse ζ potentialities of resulting nanocomposites; the higher ratios from SqM/SeNPs provided highly negative ζ potential (e. g. in NC-1 and NC-2), whereas in NC-3, the predominance of NCht resulted in highly positive charged nanocomposites. The former results were in accordance with recently reported data, [55] which used mucilage (garden cress)-synthesized SeNPs with NCht to produce bioactive nanocomposites. The ζ potential assessment curves of the nanocomposites from SqM/SeNPs and NCht are additionally provided in Figure 3-S (supplementary materials).…”

Organic and Biogenic Nanocarriers as Bio-Friendly Systems for Bioactive Compounds’ Delivery: State-of-the Art and Challenges

“…Thus, Chuah et al [235] developed curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles with improved mucoadhesion and anticancer properties against human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29, compared to free CUR. The chemical interactions between the amine groups of CS nanoparticles and the keto groups of CUR is the key factor for loading the bioactive into nano-CS [236]. CS nanoparticles were successfully used to deliver simultaneously CUR and eugenol (EUG), proving to be powerful anticancer materials with a synergistic action against CaCo2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cells [236].…”

Effect of Sodium Hydroxide and Tripolyphosphate on Curcumin Release from Chitosan-Based Macroparticles

“…In fact, CUR belongs to Class IV of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), whose solubility is about 7.8 µg mL −1 , which can be improved by various strategies of synthesizing appropriate formulations (e.g., solid lipid nanoparticles, solid dispersion, colloidal drug delivery systems, microemulsions, and multi-component crystals) [24]. Encapsulation of CUR within materials, such as CS-based materials, is a strategic approach to improve its dispersibility in aqueous media, chemical stability, controlled release ability, bioactivity, and, thus, use in therapeutic treatment [4,26,28,29]. By way of example, Asif et al [30] reported the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro study of CUR-loaded CS-nanoparticles to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of CUR and to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.…”