Fabrication and characterisation of nanometre-sized platinum electrodes for voltammetric analysis and imaging

Slevin, Christopher J.; Gray, Nicola J.; Macpherson, Julie V.; Webb, Mark; Unwin, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2481(99)00059-4

Cited by 196 publications

(196 citation statements)

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Section: A Note On Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,7 The most popular NSEs are based on tapered or etched metal wires encapsulated by a variety means to produce disk or conical electrodes. 2,[8][9][10][11][12] While attractive in principle, the accuracy with which these NSEs can be used depends on microscopy characterization of the electrode geometry.This has often proved difficult due to the nanoscale dimensions of the electrodes, the presence of a large insulating coating and the fact that they do not reside on a planar substrate. In these instances, NSE dimensions tend to be estimated from limiting current measurements, but this may not inform on the precise electrode geometry or dimensions.…”

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Electrochemistry at Nanoscale Electrodes: Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-Templated Metal Nanowires

et al. 2011

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(2011) Electrochemistry at nanoscale electrodes : individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-templated metal nanowires. ACS Nano, Vol. 5 (No. 12). pp. 10017-10025. ISSN 1936-0851 Permanent WRAP url: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50933/ Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes the work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Nano, © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn203823f A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. In the past two decades much effort has gone into the fabrication and application of nanoscale electrodes (NSEs), i.e. electrodes with at least one dimension in the sub-100 nm regime, for both the quantification of fast electron transfer (ET) kinetics 1-6 and electroanalysis. 4,7 The most popular NSEs are based on tapered or etched metal wires encapsulated by a variety means to produce disk or conical electrodes. 2,[8][9][10][11][12] While attractive in principle, the accuracy with which these NSEs can be used depends on microscopy characterization of the electrode geometry.This has often proved difficult due to the nanoscale dimensions of the electrodes, the presence of a large insulating coating and the fact that they do not reside on a planar substrate. In these instances, NSE dimensions tend to be estimated from limiting current measurements, but this may not inform on the precise electrode geometry or dimensions. In the worst cases, kinetic data obtained on illdefined NSEs may be miscalculated by an order of magnitude. 13, 14A major further drawback in the use of etching and sealing techniques for the fabrication of NSEs is the inherent variability in the electrode geometry and quality of electrode-insulator seal, for electrodes apparently produced using the same fabrication conditions. Thus, electrodes of this type are made by trial and error and many procedures may be of low yield. 21 The appro...

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Section: A Note On Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry at Nanoscale Electrodes: Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-Templated Metal Nanowires

et al. 2011

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“…[7,8] In electrochemistry, work at very small (sub-micrometre) electrode sizes at silicon substrates, has mainly been restricted to electrochemically favourable geometries, such as nanodisks, nanopores and short inlaid nanobands. [5,[9][10][11][12][13] However, when employed as discrete electrodes, these structures can have extremely low measurable signals (typically < 100 pA) [8,14,15] and require large electrode numbers in array format (> 10 x 10) to realise reasonable measureable currents, i.e. in the nanoAmpere range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalysis at discrete arrays of gold nanowire electrodes

Dawson

Baudequin

Sassiat

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Author manuscript; available in PMC 2006 January 31. microscopy (SECM) (e.g. Gewirth et al 1989, Slevin et al 1999. A common approach has been to etch a metal wire electrochemically to produce a nanoscale diameter tip and then coat the wire with an insulating material sparing the apex.…”

Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nanoelectrodes for neurophysiology: cathodic electrophoretic paint insulation and focused ion beam milling

et al. 2005

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The fabrication and characterization of tungsten nanoelectrodes insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint is described together with their application within the field of neurophysiology. The tip of a 127 μm diameter tungsten wire was etched down to less than 100 nm and then insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint. Focused ion beam (FIB) polishing was employed to remove the insulation at the electrode's apex, leaving a nanoscale sized conductive tip of 100-1000 nm. The nanoelectrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their electrochemical properties characterized by steady state linear sweep voltammetry. Electrode impedance at 1 kHz was measured too. The ability of a 700 nm tipped electrode to record well-isolated action potentials extracellularly from single visual neurons in vivo was demonstrated. Such electrodes have the potential to open new populations of neurons to study.

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Fabrication and characterisation of nanometre-sized platinum electrodes for voltammetric analysis and imaging

Cited by 196 publications

References 23 publications

Electrochemistry at Nanoscale Electrodes: Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-Templated Metal Nanowires

Electrochemistry at Nanoscale Electrodes: Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) and SWNT-Templated Metal Nanowires

Electroanalysis at discrete arrays of gold nanowire electrodes

Fabrication of nanoelectrodes for neurophysiology: cathodic electrophoretic paint insulation and focused ion beam milling

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