Fabrication and Characterization of a Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@Tungsten Trioxide–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrode Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the study of nanocomposites as electrode materials has significantly enhanced the scope of research towards energy storage applications. Exploring electrode materials with superior electrochemical properties is still a challenge for high-performance supercapacitors. In the present research article, we prepared a novel nanocomposite of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles grown over supported graphene oxide sheets and embedded with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix to maximize its electrical double layer capacitance. The extensive characterization shows that the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix was homogeneously dispersed throughout the surface of the tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 478.3 F·g−1 at 10 mV·s−1 as compared to tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide (345.3 F·g−1). The retention capacity of 92.1% up to 5000 cycles at 0.1 A·g−1 shows that this ternary nanocomposite electrode also exhibits good cycling stability. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide energy density and power densities are observed to be 54.2 Wh·kg−1 and 971 W·kg−1. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide has been shown to be a superior anode material in supercapacitors because of the synergistic interaction of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) matrix and the tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide surface. These advantages reveal that the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@tungsten trioxide–graphene oxide electrode can be a promising electroactive material for supercapacitor applications.

Investigation of Hybrid Electrodes of Polyaniline and Reduced Graphene Oxide with Bio-Waste-Derived Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Also, the specific capacitance retention was found to be 90.07% and 71.02% for 3000 consecutive cycles at 0.5 A•g −1 for the PAni@OS−rGO (1:1) and PAni@OS−rGO (2:1) electrodes, respectively (Figure 9d). The electrodes in this research are comparable to those in other previous reports [7,13,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]; these results suggest the superiority of PAni@OS−rGO materials over those of other rGO-based electrodes (see Table 1). trated in the Faradaic characteristic and charge transport.…”

“…The electrochemical properties were studied using a three-electrode system (modified working electrode (WE), platinum wire counter electrode and reversible hydrogen electrode) at a fixed potential range of −0.1 V to +1.0 V in KOH (1 M) as the electrolyte at ambient temperature [7][8][9]. To prepare the WE, 70 wt% of active product, 15 wt% of CB and 15 wt% of PVDF were mixed in C 3 H 6 O and stirred at 60 • C until a homogeneous suspension was formed with a thickness of 100 µm.…”

“…The development and deployment of advanced energy storage solutions are critical components of the transition to a more sustainable and resilient energy system. Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as electrochemical capacitors, have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications compared to Li-ion batteries [6][7][8]. The selection and design of electrode materials are fundamental in advancing the electrochemical properties of energy storage and conversion devices, influencing their efficiency, durability and overall effectiveness in various applications [9][10][11].…”

“…), transition metal compounds (e.g., TiO 2 , TiC, ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , RuO 2 , etc. ), alongside CPs such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy) and polythiophene (PTh) [7][8][9]23]. The capacitance of pseudocapacitors is generally better than EDLCs, but their limited cycling stability poses challenges for long-term operation.…”

“…Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice; it possesses exceptional electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. When incorporated into the structure of CPs, graphene can address several challenges associated with traditional materials used in SCs [7,20]. Likewise, the combination of CPs and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in electrode materials often leads to synergistic effects that improve the overall performance of SCs [23].…”